Action Mechanism of Heat Transfer between the Working Medium and the Impeller on Aerodynamic Performance and Flow Characteristics of Radial Inflow Turbines with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

LIU Zhouyang; LIAO Jianxin; DENG Qinghua; LI Jun; FENG Zhenping

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202505015

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Action Mechanism of Heat Transfer between the Working Medium and the Impeller on Aerodynamic Performance and Flow Characteristics of Radial Inflow Turbines with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

更新时间：2025-08-26

- Action Mechanism of Heat Transfer between the Working Medium and the Impeller on Aerodynamic Performance and Flow Characteristics of Radial Inflow Turbines with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
- Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 5, Pages: 156-167(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院， 710049，西安
  2.东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司， 618000，四川德阳
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202505015
  CLC： TK14
- Received：12 November 2024，
  
  Online First：20 December 2024，
  
  Published：10 May 2025
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Zhouyang, LIAO Jianxin, DENG Qinghua, et al. Action Mechanism of Heat Transfer between the Working Medium and the Impeller on Aerodynamic Performance and Flow Characteristics of Radial Inflow Turbines with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(5): 156-167.
DOI：

LIU Zhouyang, LIAO Jianxin, DENG Qinghua, et al. Action Mechanism of Heat Transfer between the Working Medium and the Impeller on Aerodynamic Performance and Flow Characteristics of Radial Inflow Turbines with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(5): 156-167. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202505015.

摘要

为探究工质与叶轮间传热对超临界二氧化碳透平气动性能与流动特性的作用机制，基于某循环输出功率为150 kW的超临界二氧化碳向心透平几何模型，通过求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程开展了透平主流和轮背间隙流道内流动与传热的三维数值模拟，采用流热耦合方法对比研究了工质与叶轮间的传热对透平气动性能、轮背间隙风阻损失以及密封间隙流动特性的影响。结果表明：耦合传热条件下，透平轴功率和等熵效率总体下降，其降幅随转轴温度变化存在极值，且动叶前缘压力侧涡流和叶顶间隙泄漏涡流强化了主流与叶轮之间的换热，叶轮前缘及其叶根附近出现局部高温区并产生一定温度梯度，同时动叶压力面与吸力面温差缩小；受到叶轮低壁温的冷却作用，耦合传热条件下轮背间隙内流体温度降低，密度增高，在轮背密封出口压力为2 MPa时，密封泄漏量增大约0.92%，轮背风阻损失增大约12.29%；与绝热条件对比，轮背密封区域工质温度在进口处降低20 ℃，在密封出口处增高到45 ℃。

Abstract

In order to investigate the action mechanism of heat transfer between working medium and impeller on aerodynamic performance and flow characteristics of radial inflow turbines with supercritical carbon dioxide

the three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer in main flow and wheel back clearance of a turbine is carried out by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Based on the geometrical model of a radial inflow turbine with supercritical carbon dioxide with a cycle output of 150 kW

the effects of heat transfer between working medium and impeller on turbine aerodynamic performance

windage loss in wheel back clearance and flow characteristics in seal clearance are comparatively studied using conjugate heat transfer method. The results show that under conjugate heat transfer condition

both the turbine shaft power and the isentropic efficiency generally decrease

where there is a minimum reduction with the temperature variations at the shaft. The pressure side vortex at the rotor blade leading edge and the leakage vortex at the tip clearance can strengthen heat transfer between the main flow and the impeller

and the high temperature zone locally appears at the rotor blade leading edge and the blade root with a certain temperature gradient. At the same time the temperature difference between the pressure side and the suction side of the rotor is decreased. Under the cooling effect of low impeller wall temperature

the fluid temperature in wheel back clearance under conjugate hear transfer condition has a reduction

leading to a rise in density. The leakage of the seal increases approximately by 0.92% and the windage loss of the wheel back goes up about 12.29% when the outlet pressure of the wheel back seal is 2 MPa. Compared with the adiabatic condition

the temperature of the working medium in the region of the wheel back seal decreases by 20 ℃ at the inlet and rises to 45 ℃ at the seal outlet.

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