Dark-Field Microscopy Imaging Characteristics of Wear Debris for Direct-Reflection Online Visual Ferrograph

LI Bo; YUAN Xun; YIN Zhi; WU Wei; SHAO Jun; MA Fuyin

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202502019

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Dark-Field Microscopy Imaging Characteristics of Wear Debris for Direct-Reflection Online Visual Ferrograph

更新时间：2026-01-06

- Dark-Field Microscopy Imaging Characteristics of Wear Debris for Direct-Reflection Online Visual Ferrograph
- Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 2, Pages: 189-200(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安石油大学机械工程学院， 710065，西安
  2.西安交通大学机械工程学院， 710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202502019
  CLC： TH117.1;TH742
- Received：15 August 2024，
  
  Online First：14 October 2024，
  
  Published：10 February 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Bo, YUAN Xun, YIN Zhi, et al. Dark-Field Microscopy Imaging Characteristics of Wear Debris for Direct-Reflection Online Visual Ferrograph[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(2): 189-200.
DOI：

LI Bo, YUAN Xun, YIN Zhi, et al. Dark-Field Microscopy Imaging Characteristics of Wear Debris for Direct-Reflection Online Visual Ferrograph[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(2): 189-200. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202502019.

摘要

为评估直接反射在线可视铁谱（OLVF）暗场显微成像特性，提出了一种磨粒暗场显微成像模型。基于朗伯余弦和光后向散射理论建立了直接反射OLVF显微成像系统的反射光辐照度叠加模型，以实现磨粒暗场显微成像质量的定量评价；仿真计算互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）像面的反差透视比，分析了光学倍率、油液衰减系数和后向散射角变化对磨粒暗场显微成像清晰度的影响规律，确定了磨粒暗场显微成像的最优光学倍率为2.2和油液衰减系数大于2.0；明确CMOS像面的反差透视比在0.210~0.846范围内变化，直接反射OLVF可通过暗场显微成像获得较高清晰度的磨粒图像，其磨粒探测精度约为10 μm。磨粒图像采集实验测试结果表明：直接反射OLVF暗场显微成像不仅能够从油液衰减系数大于2.28的原油、柴油机油中可靠捕获磨粒视觉信息，而且可从油液衰减系数小于2.0的液压油、齿轮油中获取磨粒谱片图像，解决了不同油液中金属磨粒探测问题，为在线监测采油装备磨损提供了可能性。

Abstract

To analyze the dark-field microscopy imaging characteristics of wear debris for direct-reflection online visual ferrograph (OLVF)

a new dark-field microscopy imaging model was proposed. By taking Lambert's cosine law and light backscattering theory as references

a reflection light irradiance superposition model was presented for direct-reflection OLVF microscopy system to quantitatively evaluate the dark-field microscopy imaging sharpness of wear debris. On the basis of Matlab simulation and calculation of contrast transmittance on CMOS image plane

how the changes in optical magnification

oil attenuation coefficient

and backscattering angle affect the contrast transmittance of dark-field microscopy imaging sharpness of wear debris were investigated

by which the numerical optimum of optical magnification can be calculated and ascertained correctly to be 2.2 and the oil attenuation coefficient for direct-reflection OLVF debris detection was determined to be more than 2.0. It was definite that the contrast transmittance on CMOS image plane fluctuated within the range of 0.210 to 0.846. Moreover

the high-resolution wear debris images can be obtained by using the dark-field microscopy imaging detection of direct-reflection OLVF

whose detecting accuracy was about 10 μm. Finally

an experimental test of debris image acquisition was carried out. The results show that not only the visual information of wear debris can be reliably obtained from the diesel engine oil and crude oil with more than 2.28 oil attenuation coefficient by using the dark-field microscopy imaging of direct-reflection OLVF

but also the reflected ferrograms of wear debris can be effectively captured from the hydraulic oil and gearbox oil with less than 2.0 oil attenuation coefficient. In this way

metal wear debris in different oils can be detected

and the wear of oil extraction equipment can be monitored online.

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references

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