Early Diagnosis of Internal Short Circuit Faults in Lithium Battery Modules Using Impedance Spectroscopy

LI Xiaofeng; CHANG Yi; YANG Zhang; LIU Wangzeyu; DONG Ming; LEI Wanjun; REN Ming; ZHANG Chongxing; WANG Ruogu; GUO Anxiang

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202411001

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Early Diagnosis of Internal Short Circuit Faults in Lithium Battery Modules Using Impedance Spectroscopy

更新时间：2025-07-25

- Early Diagnosis of Internal Short Circuit Faults in Lithium Battery Modules Using Impedance Spectroscopy
- Vol. 58, Issue 11, Pages: 1-13(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室,西安,710048
  2. 国网陕西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,西安,710005
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202411001
  CLC： TM912
- Online First：10 November 2024，
  
  Published：2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Xiaofeng, CHANG Yi, YANG Zhang, et al. Early Diagnosis of Internal Short Circuit Faults in Lithium Battery Modules Using Impedance Spectroscopy[J]. 2024, 58(11): 1-13.
DOI：

LI Xiaofeng, CHANG Yi, YANG Zhang, et al. Early Diagnosis of Internal Short Circuit Faults in Lithium Battery Modules Using Impedance Spectroscopy[J]. 2024, 58(11): 1-13. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202411001.

摘要

针对锂电池模组内部内短路故障单体诊断困难、检测效率低下的问题

提出应用电荷传递内阻和固体电解质界面膜内阻比值变化幅度的锂电池模组早期内短路故障诊断方法。所提方法基于电化学阻抗谱对内短路故障演化过程中锂电池内部电化学反应变化进行监测

利用弛豫时间分布方法针对阻抗谱特征进行量化分析。在阻抗谱由单体维度到模组维度正向推衍的基础上

筛选满荷电状态下电荷传递内阻和固体电解质界面膜内阻作为主要的评估指标

并根据阈值诊断模型搭建实验平台进行验证。实验结果表明:欧姆内阻和电荷传递内阻随着内短路故障程度的加深逐渐增大

固体电解质界面膜内阻整体呈现出逐渐减小的趋势; 当模组电池数控制在8节以下时

通过阈值诊断模型对存在故障单体的模组识别准确率可以达到100%。通过对阻抗谱特征的精确辨识与分析

该方法能够有效实现锂电池模组早期内短路故障的准确诊断。

Abstract

To address the challenges of diagnosing internal short-circuit faults in battery modules and improving detection efficiency

a diagnostic method for early detection of internal short-circuit faults in lithium battery modules is proposed. This method leverages the variations in the ratio of charge transfer resistance to solid electrolyte interface resistance. By using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

the proposed method monitors changes in the internal electrochemical reactions of lithium batteries during the evolution of internal short circuit faults. Through the relaxation time distribution method

impedance spectrum characteristics are analyzed quantitatively. Based on the forward derivation of impedance spectra from the cell level to the module level

the charge transfer resistance and solid electrolyte interface film resistance at full charge state are selected as the main evaluation indicators

and an experimental platform is established for validation according to the threshold diagnosis model. The experimental results show that the Ohmic resistance and charge transfer resistance gradually increase with the severity of internal short circuit faults

while the overall trend of the solid electrolyte interface film resistance decreases gradually. When the number of cells in the module is controlled below 8

the accuracy of identifying faulty cells within the module through the threshold diagnosis model can reach 100%. Through precise identification and analysis of impedance spectrum characteristics

this method can effectively achieve accurate diagnosis of early internal short circuit faults in lithium battery modules.

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references

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