Numerical Investigation on the Unsteady Flow Characteristics and Sealing Effectiveness of Rim Seals in a 1.5-Stage Gas Turbine

LEI Long; CONG Qingfeng; GUO Can; LI Zhigang; LI Jun

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202310007

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Numerical Investigation on the Unsteady Flow Characteristics and Sealing Effectiveness of Rim Seals in a 1.5-Stage Gas Turbine

更新时间：2025-05-08

- Numerical Investigation on the Unsteady Flow Characteristics and Sealing Effectiveness of Rim Seals in a 1.5-Stage Gas Turbine
- Vol. 57, Issue 10, Pages: 64-77(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学叶轮机械研究所,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202310007
  CLC： TK474.7
- Online First：10 October 2023，
  
  Published：2023
- 稿件说明：
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LEI Long, CONG Qingfeng, GUO Can, et al. Numerical Investigation on the Unsteady Flow Characteristics and Sealing Effectiveness of Rim Seals in a 1.5-Stage Gas Turbine[J]. 2023, 57(10): 64-77.
DOI：

LEI Long, CONG Qingfeng, GUO Can, et al. Numerical Investigation on the Unsteady Flow Characteristics and Sealing Effectiveness of Rim Seals in a 1.5-Stage Gas Turbine[J]. 2023, 57(10): 64-77. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202310007.

摘要

为探究燃气轮机透平轮缘密封燃气入侵机理和非定常封严效率演变特性

针对某型燃气轮机透平第一级和第二级静叶(1.5级)自主设计了轮缘密封结构

通过数值求解三维unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)方程组和SST

k-ω

湍流模型

研究了实际运行工况下燃气透平轮缘密封非定常封严效率和流动特征。结果表明:4种不同冷气流量下

前后盘腔密封齿以下区域均被完全封严; 前盘腔受燃气入侵影响较大

冷气流量最大时外腔静盘面上平均封严效率仅为后盘腔的48.2%。盘腔内封严效率和轮缘密封间隙内流场受主流非轴对称周向压力分布和Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)不稳定性涡共同影响

前盘腔出口附近非轴对称周向压力和轮缘间隙内K-H不稳定性旋涡强度均显著大于后盘腔

轮缘间隙处最大入侵流量约为后盘腔的2.5倍; 与K-H不稳定性涡相比

后盘腔外腔内存在的与不稳定性涡相干的两个涡旋和非轴对称周向压力分布对封严效率和流场的影响更为显著。前后盘腔内存在多个旋涡

旋涡大小和位置不断变化

改变对入侵燃气和封严冷气的流动阻力

进而影响盘腔内封严效率和流动形态。

Abstract

To investigate the mechanism of hot-gas ingestion and unsteady sealing effectiveness of the rim seals in gas turbines

a rim seal configuration was designed for the first stage and second vane(1.5 stages)for a certain type of heavy-duty gas turbine. The unsteady sealing effectiveness and flow structure under actual turbine operating conditions were numerically studied by solving the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URA

NS)equations using SST

k-ω

turbulence model. The results show that the areas below the sealing teeth of the front and aft cavities are completely sealed under four different cool air flow rates. The front cavity is more affected by gas ingestion. When cool air flow rate is maximized

the average sealing effectiveness on the surface of the static disc of the outer cavity in the front cavity is only 48.2% of that in the aft cavity. The sealing effectiveness inside cavities and the flow field within the rim clearance are jointly affected by non-axisymmetric circumferential pressure distribution on the endwall near the rim seal and Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)instability vortices. For the front cavity

non-axisymmetric circumferential pressure near the outlet and the intensity of the K-H instability vortices within the rim clearance are significantly greater than those of the aft cavity. The maximum ingestion flow rate at the rim clearance is about 2.5 times that in the aft cavity. Compared with the K-H instability vortices

two coherent vortices associated with the instability vortices and non-axisymmetric circumferential pressure distribution existing inside the outer cavity of the aft cavity have a more significant effect on the sealing effectiveness and flow field. Furthermore

there are multiple vortices inside the front and aft cavities. The size and position of these vortices change continuously

altering the flow resistance of the ingested hot gas and sealing coolant

thereby affecting the sealing effectiveness and flow pattern inside the cavities.

关键词

Keywords

references

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