Study on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation of Cryogenic Nitrogen Based on Transonic Expansion Condensation Flow

HU Wenhu; SUN Wan; NIU Lu; PENG Jing; JIANG Zhuojun; PAN Liangming

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202309006

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Study on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation of Cryogenic Nitrogen Based on Transonic Expansion Condensation Flow

更新时间：2025-07-09

- Study on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation of Cryogenic Nitrogen Based on Transonic Expansion Condensation Flow
- Vol. 57, Issue 9, Pages: 54-61(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆,400044
  2. 重庆大学核工程与核技术系,重庆,400044
  3. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心,四川,绵阳,621000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202309006
  CLC： O354
- Online First：10 September 2023，
  
  Published：2023
- 稿件说明：
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HU Wenhu, SUN Wan, NIU Lu, et al. Study on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation of Cryogenic Nitrogen Based on Transonic Expansion Condensation Flow[J]. 2023, 57(9): 54-61.
DOI：

HU Wenhu, SUN Wan, NIU Lu, et al. Study on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation of Cryogenic Nitrogen Based on Transonic Expansion Condensation Flow[J]. 2023, 57(9): 54-61. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202309006.

摘要

为了深入研究低温气体超声速膨胀时的两相凝结流动

基于Euler-Euler双流体模型

采用非等温效应修正的经典成核理论和Gyarmathy液滴生长理论建立了可预测氮气均质和异质凝结流动统一的数值模型。利用Ansys Fluent对拉瓦尔喷管内低温氮气膨胀凝结过程进行了数值研究

分析了不同入口温度和不同异质核心参数对凝结行为的影响规律。模拟结果表明:随着入口温度降低

凝结发生位置会逐步靠近喉部

进而出口处带液量及液滴尺寸也随之增加; 相比于均质成核

异质核心的存在降低了成核的自由能障

使得氮气凝结在较低的过冷度下即可发生; 当异质核心半径在一定范围内

随着异质核心数增多

异质凝结逐渐成为带液量增长的主导过程

直至达到完全异质成核。

Abstract

In order to investigate in depth the two-phase condensation flow during low-temperature gas expansion at supersonic speeds

a unified numerical model was developed using the Euler-Euler two-fluid model. Specifically

the phase transition model adopted the classical nucleation theory considering non isothermal effects and the Gyarmathy droplet growth theory which is capable of predicting both homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation of nitrogen gas. The numerical simulation of cryogenic nitrogen gas expansion and condensation in a Laval nozzle was carried out using Ansys Fluent

and the effects of different inlet temperatures and heterogeneous core parameters on the condensation behavior were analyzed. The simulation results show that with decreasing inlet temperature

the location of condensation gradually shifts towards the throat

and the liquid mass fraction and droplet size at the exit also increase; compared with homogeneous nucleation

the presence of heterogeneous cores reduces the free energy barrier of nucleation

allowing nitrogen to condense at relatively low degrees of supercooling; when the radius of the heterogeneous core is within a certain range

as the number of heterogeneous cores increases

heterogeneous condensation gradually becomes the dominant process in the growth of the liquid mass fraction until complete heterogeneous nucleation is achieved.

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references

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