Digital Watermarking Scheme with Low Luminance Smooth Blocks in Discrete Cosine Transform Domains

周海涛 1; 周诠 2; 马伟 2; 马祥 1; 齐春 1

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Digital Watermarking Scheme with Low Luminance Smooth Blocks in Discrete Cosine Transform Domains

更新时间：2025-12-08

- Digital Watermarking Scheme with Low Luminance Smooth Blocks in Discrete Cosine Transform Domains
- Vol. 42, Issue 4, Pages: 404-408(2008)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TP391
- Online First：10 April 2008，
  
  Published：2008
- 稿件说明：
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周海涛 1, 周诠 2, 马伟 2, et al. Digital Watermarking Scheme with Low Luminance Smooth Blocks in Discrete Cosine Transform Domains[J]. 2008, 42(4): 404-408.
DOI：

周海涛 1, 周诠 2, 马伟 2, et al. Digital Watermarking Scheme with Low Luminance Smooth Blocks in Discrete Cosine Transform Domains[J]. 2008, 42(4): 404-408. DOI：

摘要

针对数字水印信息嵌入位置问题

提出一种在低灰度平滑块中嵌入水印信息的方案.该方案首先对图像做8×8离散余弦变换(DCT)

得到量化取整后的DCT块

然后分别按照每个DCT块DC系数的大小

以及AC系数的方差大小对DCT块进行排序

由两个排序序列确定出一定数量的低灰度平滑块

通过修改这些平滑块低频系数的相位来嵌入水印信息

根据这些平滑块的低频系数均值的正负来提取水印信息

实验结果表明

该方案不仅具有较好的不可感知性

而且对于滤波、压缩、噪声具有较强的鲁棒性

对裁减、缩放和直方图均衡等也具有一定的抗攻击性.

Abstract

Focusing on the problem of the embedding position for digital watermarking

a new digital watermarking scheme is presented in which watermarks can be embedded in low luminance smooth blocks. The low luminance smooth blocks are selected by sorting the 8×8 disperse cosine transform(DCT)blocks according to the values of DC coefficients and the variance of AC coefficients

respectively. The watermark is embedded by shifting the phases of a subset with low-frequency coefficients and the watermark extraction can be performed according to the signs of these low-frequency coefficients' averages. Experimental results show that the watermarked images look visually identical to the original ones and that the watermarks are robust to low-pass filtering and JPEG compression

and have certain resistance to some operations such as image cropping

scaling and histogram equalizing.

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references

COX I, KILIAN J, LEIGHTON F T, et al. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia [J]. IEEE Trans Image Processing, 1997, 12(6):1673-1687.

BUSH C, FUNK W, WOLTHUSEN S. Digital watermarking: From concepts to real-time video applications [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics Application, 1999,12(19): 25-33.

HARTUNG F, KUTTER M. Multimedia watermarking techniques[J]. Proc IEEE, 1999,7(87):1079-1106.

HOLLIMAN M, MEMON N. Adaptive public watermarking of DCT-based compressed images[C]∥Proceeding of SPIE: The International Society for Optional Engineering. Washington, USA:SPIE, 1997: 284-295.

LIU Lianshan, LI Renhou, GAO Qi. A robust video watermarking scheme based on DCT [C]∥Proceeding of the International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. Piscataway, USA:IEEE, 2005: 5176-5180.

ALTURKI F, MERSEREAU R. An oblivious robust digital watermark technique for still images using DCT phase modulation [C]∥Proceeding of the International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing. Piscataway, USA: IEEE, 2000: 1975-1978.

CHEN Chuanbo,WU Xueli. An angle QIM watermarking algorithm based on watson perceptual model [C]∥Proceeding of the International Conference on Image and Grqphics. Piscataway, USA: IEEE, 2007:324-328.

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