selfish nodes show non-cooperative behaviors due to discarding packets to save their resources(such as energy)
which will seriously affect the network performance. A new cooperation enforcement scheme called CMC is proposed to mitigate this problem. In the CMC
the common neighbor monitoring technique is introduced to help the watchdog monitor all packets transmitting around it so that the system can detect the non-cooperative nodes more quickly. In the routing discovery phase
the route request packets and the route reply packets that contain non-cooperative nodes are dropped by CMC
so that the probability that a well-behaved node uses a bad route for data transmission is reduced. The ns-2 simulation results show that the CMC can improve the throughput of well-behaved nodes by 10%-40% in the presence of 10%-60% non-cooperative nodes.
关键词
Keywords
references
CONTI M B S, GIORDANO S, STOJMENOVIC I. Mobile ad hoc networking[M]. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2004.
DORSEY J G. Game-theoretic power management in mobile ad hoc networks[D]. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: Carnegie Mellon University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2004.
FELEQYHAZI M, HUBAUX J P, BUTTYAN L. Nash equilibria of packet forwarding strategies in wireless ad hoc networks [J]. IEEE Trans on Mobile Computing, 2006, 5(5): 463-476.
MARTI S, GIULI T, LAI K, BAKER M. Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks [C]∥Proceedings of MOBICOM 2000. New York, USA: ACM, 2000: 255-265.
MARIAS G F, GEORGIADIS P, FLITZANIS D, et al. Cooperation enforcement schemes for MANETs: a survey[J]. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2006, 6(3): 319-332.
YOO Y, AGRAWAL D P. Why does it pay to be selfish in a MANET? [J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2006, 13(6): 87-97.
WANG Yongwei, SINGHAL M. On improving the efficiency of truthful routing in MANETs with selfish nodes[J]. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2007, 3(5): 537-559.
EIDENBENZ S, RESTA G. The COMMIT protocol for truthful and cost-efficient routing in ad hoc networks with selfish nodes [J]. IEEE Trans on Mobile Computing, 2008, 7(1): 19-33.
GUO Jianli, WU Zhibo, DONG Jian, et al. A cooperation protocol for ad hoc networks with selfish nodes based on mechanism design [J]. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2009, 32(3): 483-492.
BUCHEGGER S, BOUDEC J Y L. Self-policing mobile ad hoc networks by reputation systems [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2005, 43(7): 101-107.
LIU K J, DENG J, VARSHNEY P K, et al. An acknowledgment-based approach for the detection of routing misbehavior in MANETs [J]. IEEE Trans on Mobile Computing, 2007, 6(5): 536-550.
BUCHEGGER S, MUNDINGER J, BOUDEC J Y L. Reputation systems for self-organized networks [J]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 2008,27(1): 41-47.
HU J Y. Cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks [EB/OL]. [2007-11-12]. http:∥www.cs.fsu.edu/research/reports/TR-050111.pdf.
BUTTYAN L, HUBAUX J P. Security and cooperation in wireless networks[M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.