It is not efficient for the approach of constraining outdegree to enhance delay and loss rate synthetically for an application-level multicast tree. This paper proposes an application-level multicast tree which achieves minimum cost in terms of delay and loss rate. A cost function which consists of delay and loss rate is given to compute transmission cost of the multicast tree
and the problem model about how to construct the minimum multiplex-cost multicast tree is also given. Unlike existing problem models
this model abandons the approach of constraining outdegree. Furthermore
a variation of the maximal delay path greed algorithm is proposed to address the problem model. This variation algorithm optimizes total cost of a multicast tree. Finally
our extensive experimental results help to give the concrete suggestion about the parameters which the cost function involves
and demonstrate that the proposed application-level multicast tree construction algorithm has higher efficiency in total cost of the multicast tree than another related algorithm has.
关键词
Keywords
references
HOSSEINI M, AHMED D, SHIRMOHAMMADI S, et al. A survey of application-layer multicast protocols[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2007, 9(3): 58-74.
GUO Deke, CHEN Honghui, LIU Yunhao, et al. Bake: a balanced kautz tree structure for peer-to-peer networks[C]∥ Proceedings of INFOCOM. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2008: 2450-2457.
DAN G, FODOR V, CHATZIDROSSOS I. On the performance of multiple-tree-based peer-to-peer live streaming[C]∥Proceedings of INFOCOM. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2007: 2556-2560.
POMPILI D, SCOGLIO C, LOPEZ L. Multicast algorithms in service overlay networks[J]. Computer Communications, 2008, 31(3): 489-505.
TAN Suwei, WATERS G, CRAWFORD J, et al. A survey and performance evaluation of scalable tree-based application layer multicast protocol, Technical Report No.9-03[R]. Kent, UK: University of Kent, 2003:1-35.
BOLOT J C, CEDEX S A. The case for FEC-based error control for packet audio in the Internet[J].ACM Multimedia Systems, 1997.
CAO Jia, LU Shiwen. A minimum delay spanning tree algorithm for the application-layer multicast[J].Journal of Software, 2005, 16(10): 1766-1773.
HOSSEINI M, GEORGANAS N D. End system multicast routing for multi-party videoconferencing applications[J]. Computer Communications, 2006,29(11): 2046-2065.
BROASH E, SHAVITT Y. Approximation and heuristic algorithms for minimum delay application-layer multicast trees[C]∥Proceedings of INFOCOM. Piscataway,NJ,USA: IEEE, 2004:2697-2707.
SHI S Y, TUMER J S. Multicast routing and bandwidth dimensioning in overlay networks[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2002, 20(8):1444-1455.
LUO Chong, WANG Wei, TANG Jian, et al. A multiparty videoconferencing system over an application-level multicast protocol [J]. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2007, 9(8):1621-1632.
BLANCHARD B S, FABRYCKY W J. Systems engineering and analysis [M]. 2nd ed, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 1990.
NS, the network simulator [EB/OL].(2008-06-17)[2010-07-01].http:∥www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
ZEGURA E W, CALVERT K L, BHATTACHARJEE S. How to model an internet work[C]∥ Proceedings of INFOCOM. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 1996:594-602.