Experimental Investigation of Off-Design Operating Characteristics of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

XI Huan; TENG Shiyang; LI Yuquan

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Experimental Investigation of Off-Design Operating Characteristics of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

更新时间：2026-08-04

- Experimental Investigation of Off-Design Operating Characteristics of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，陕西西安
  2.西安交通大学未来技术学院，710049，陕西西安
  3.比亚迪汽车有限公司，710119，陕西西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TK02
- Received：28 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-04，
  
  Accepted：04 August 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
XI Huan, TENG Shiyang, LI Yuquan. Experimental Investigation of Off-Design Operating Characteristics of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026.
DOI：

XI Huan, TENG Shiyang, LI Yuquan. Experimental Investigation of Off-Design Operating Characteristics of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026. DOI：

摘要

为满足分布式新能源、微电网和偏远地区供电对储能装置的安全性、循环耐久性和部署灵活性的高要求，提出一种小型压缩空气储能系统。该系统以不可燃空气为介质，采用压力容器储气和机械膨胀做功，具有寿命长、使用安全和模块化部署等特点。为揭示该系统变工况下的压力—负载匹配规律，采用压力容器、气动马达、永磁发电机和电子负载构建了百瓦级实验系统，并建立了出口温度和理论等熵比功模型，开展入口温度、入口压力和负载电流变工况实验，实验结果表明：模型预测与实测出口温度趋势一致，最大相对误差为5.2%；在测试范围内，入口压力升高使轴功率提高126.5%、发电机发电效率提高6.6%；负载电流增大使转速降低、扭矩升高。当入口压力由0.30 MPa提高至0.35 MPa时，对应额定转速的负载电流由0.80 A增至1.05 A，提高31.3%。相较于已报道同类小型气动马达发电装置约75.1%的最高发电机效率，所提系统可达到91.7%～98.9%，表明其具有较高的机械能到电能转换性能。研究结果可为分布式压缩空气储能的部件匹配、工作点调节和源荷协调提供依据。

Abstract

To meet the stringent requirements for safety

cycle durability

and deployment flexibility of energy storage devices in distributed renewable energy systems

microgrids

and remote areas

a compact compressed air energy storage system is proposed. This system uses non-flammable air as the working medium

stores energy in a pressure vessel

and generates work through mechanical expansion. It features a long service life

operational safety

and modular deployment. To elucidate the pressure-load matching behavior of this system under varying operating conditions

a 100-watt-class experimental system was constructed using a pressure vessel

a pneumatic motor

a permanent magnet generator

and an electronic load. A model based on outlet temperature and the theoretical isentropic specific work was established

and experiments were conducted under varying inlet temperature

inlet pressure

and load current conditions. The experimental results show that the model predictions align with the measured outlet temperature trends

with a maximum relative error of 5.2%; within the test range

an increase in inlet pressure resulted in a 126.5% increase in shaft power and a 6.6% increase in generator efficiency; an increase in load current caused a decrease in rotational speed and an increase in torque. When the inlet pressure was increased from 0.30 MPa to 0.35 MPa

the load current at rated speed increased from 0.80 A to 1.05 A

representing a 31.3% increase. Compared to the highest generator efficiency of approximately 75.1% reported for similar small-scale pneumatic motor-generator systems

the proposed system achieves efficiencies ranging from 91.7% to 98.9%

indicating superior mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion performance. These findings provide a basis for component matching

operating point adjustment

and source-load coordination in distributed compressed air energy storage systems.

关键词

Keywords

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