Study on Wetting Properties of Droplets Anti-Gravity Migration on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation

WU Xin; GAO Tieyu; GONG Jianying; YAN Xiaojiang; XIE Xiaojun; SONG Zichen; SONG Mengjie

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Study on Wetting Properties of Droplets Anti-Gravity Migration on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation

更新时间：2026-06-16

- Study on Wetting Properties of Droplets Anti-Gravity Migration on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  2.西安热工研究院有限公司，710054，西安
  3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，100081，北京
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TN752.6;TK124
- Received：22 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-04，
  
  Accepted：28 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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WU Xin, GAO Tieyu, GONG Jianying, et al. Study on Wetting Properties of Droplets Anti-Gravity Migration on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026.
DOI：

WU Xin, GAO Tieyu, GONG Jianying, et al. Study on Wetting Properties of Droplets Anti-Gravity Migration on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026. DOI：

摘要

为了研究35 kHz超声波激励下液滴在倾斜铝板表面逆重力迁移过程中的动态润湿行为，通过定量分析液滴体积、超声振动速度以及表面倾斜角对液滴直径铺展率及接触角滞后的影响，揭示了超声作用下液滴在倾斜表面逆重力迁移过程中的润湿行为演化规律，建立了液滴微观润湿特性与宏观动力学行为的协同作用关系。进一步基于受力竞争机制构建了包含声学韦伯数和邦德数的综合无量纲数，确立了液滴动力学响应的预测经验关系式。研究结果表明，超声激励可显著增强液滴润湿能力，并驱动液滴在30~90°倾斜表面实现逆重力迁移，其最大位移约为5.04 mm。液滴直径铺展率在超声作用下呈现出“增大-峰值-回缩-稳态”的非线性演变，其最大直径铺展率变化范围为1.16-1.51，且主要受超声振动速度正向调控。此外，超声振动可有效削弱重力诱导的润湿非对称性，推动接触角滞后由重力主导的负值状态向声场主导的正值状态转变，该转变临界值对应的综合无量纲数为18.79。本研究为基于声场的液滴输运与表面润湿调控提供了理论与实验依据。

Abstract

To investigate the dynamic wetting behavior of droplets during anti-gravity migration on an inclined aluminum plate surface under 35 kHz ultrasonic excitation

the effects of droplet volume

ultrasonic vibration velocity

and surface inclination angle on droplet diameter spreading ratio and contact angle hysteresis were quantitatively analyzed. The evolution of droplet wetting behavior was revealed

and the synergistic relationship between microscopic wetting properties and macroscopic dynamic behavior was established. Furthermore

based on the force competition mechanism

a comprehensive dimensionless number including the acoustic Weber number and the Bond number was constructed

and an empirical relationship for predicting the droplet dynamic response was established. The results show that ultrasonic excitation enhances droplet wetting ability and drives droplets to migrate against gravity on inclined surfaces at angles of 30-90°

with a maximum displacement of approximately 5.04 mm. The droplet diameter spreading ratio exhibits a nonlinear evolution of "increase-peak-retraction-steady" under ultrasonic

with the maximum values ranging from 1.16 to 1.51

primarily positively modulated by vibration velocity. Ultrasonic vibration effectively weakens gravity-induced wetting asymmetry

driving the contact angle hysteresis from a gravity-dominated negative state to an ultrasonic-dominated positive state

and the dimensionless number corresponding to the critical value of this transformation is 18.79. This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for the control of droplet transport and surface wetting based on the ultrasonic field.

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references

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