Energy Storage Planning for High-Penetration Renewable Power Systems Considering Multiple Frequency Regulation Resources and Frequency Security

DING Ying; LI Qi; WANG Xiuli; WANG Zesen; ZHANG Likai; ZHANG Haitao

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Energy Storage Planning for High-Penetration Renewable Power Systems Considering Multiple Frequency Regulation Resources and Frequency Security

更新时间：2026-05-28

- Energy Storage Planning for High-Penetration Renewable Power Systems Considering Multiple Frequency Regulation Resources and Frequency Security
  增强出版
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学电气工程学院，710049，西安
  2.国网冀北电力有限公司电力科学研究院，100045，北京
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TM715
- Received：02 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-28，
  
  Accepted：28 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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DING Ying, LI Qi, WANG Xiuli, et al. Energy Storage Planning for High-Penetration Renewable Power Systems Considering Multiple Frequency Regulation Resources and Frequency Security[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026.
DOI：

DING Ying, LI Qi, WANG Xiuli, et al. Energy Storage Planning for High-Penetration Renewable Power Systems Considering Multiple Frequency Regulation Resources and Frequency Security[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026. DOI：

摘要

为应对高比例新能源电力系统中，新能源接入引发的系统惯量下降与频率安全挑战，提出一种考虑多元调频资源及频率安全的储能规划模型。首先，建立了涵盖火电机组、新能源电场和电池储能的多机系统频率响应模型，采用多机聚合方法将异构调频资源统一为等效单机模型，并构建可用频率响应功率约束和功率裕度约束以保证充足的一次调频响应能力。其次，基于频率安全裕度理论，将频率最低点非线性约束转化为系统可承受的最大功率不平衡约束，采用分段线性化方法嵌入混合整数线性规划模型。在此基础上，以储能全生命周期成本与系统运行成本之和最小为目标，将短期机组组合嵌入长期投资决策，协同优化储能配置与系统运行。改进IEEE-39节点系统算例表明：所提线性化约束平均误差为4.3%；相较于不考虑频率约束模型，系统频率安全域由78.31 MW提升至171.21 MW；与储能不参与调频模型相比，系统总成本降低了2.2%。该研究结果表明，所提方法能够提升系统频率安全水平，并获得兼顾安全性与经济性的储能规划方案。

Abstract

To address the challenges of declining system inertia and frequency security caused by renewable energy integration in high-penetration renewable power systems

this paper proposes an energy storage planning model considering multiple frequency regulation resources and frequency security. First

a multi-machine system frequency response model encompassing thermal units

renewable energy plants

and battery energy storage systems is established. A multi-machine aggregation method is adopted to unify heterogeneous frequency regulation resources into an equivalent single-machine model

and constraints on available frequency response power and power margin are formulated to ensure sufficient primary frequency response capability. Second

based on the concept of frequency security margin

the nonlinear frequency nadir constraint is transformed into a constraint on the maximum power imbalance that the system can withstand

which is then embedded into a mixed-integer linear programming model through piecewise linearization. On this basis

with the objective of minimizing the sum of the life-cycle cost of energy storage and the system operating cost

short-term unit commitment is incorporated into long-term investment decision-making to jointly optimize energy storage configuration and system operation. Case studies on a modified IEEE 39-bus system show that the proposed linearized constraint has an average error of 4.3%; compared with the model without frequency constraints

the system frequency security region is expanded from 78.31 MW to 171.21 MW; and compared with the model in which energy storage does not participate in frequency regulation

the total system cost is reduced by 2.2%. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance system frequency security and obtain an energy storage planning scheme that balances security and economic performance.

关键词

Keywords

references

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