Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Shaft-type Gap of Rotating Machinery

LIU Bin; ZHAO Zhuobin; DENG Qinghua; LI Jun

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Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Shaft-type Gap of Rotating Machinery

更新时间：2026-06-16

- Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Shaft-type Gap of Rotating Machinery
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TK14
- Received：07 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-19，
  
  Accepted：23 March 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Bin, ZHAO Zhuobin, DENG Qinghua, et al. Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Shaft-type Gap of Rotating Machinery[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026.
DOI：

LIU Bin, ZHAO Zhuobin, DENG Qinghua, et al. Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Shaft-type Gap of Rotating Machinery[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026. DOI：

摘要

为厘清宽间隙半径条件下轴类转静间隙内风阻损失和流动特性的影响机制，基于数值方法系统分析了间隙半径比、转子半径、转子转速等关键参数对风阻损失系数的影响规律，揭示了间隙半径比在1.3范围内的流动机理，提出了最佳间隙半径比的预测方法，构建了宽间隙半径比范围的风阻损失系数模型。结果表明：间隙半径比对风阻损失系数的影响机制主要包括壁面剪切作用以及流体内部的耗散效应。当间隙半径比较小时剪切作用占主导，当间隙半径比较大时流体内部的耗散效应为主要因素。随间隙半径比增加，风阻损失系数先减小后增大，存在使得风阻损失系数最小的最佳间隙半径比。随着转子半径增大，最佳间隙半径比逐渐减小，当转子半径由20 mm增大至60 mm时，最佳间隙半径比由0.425降低至0.167。基于本文数值模拟结果，分别提出了轴类转静间隙的最佳间隙半径比预测方法及宽间隙半径比范围的风阻损失系数模型，其最大预测偏差分别为5.58%和11.81%。本文研究结果为宽间隙半径比条件下轴类转静间隙内的风阻损失研究以及间隙结构优化提供了技术支撑。

Abstract

To clarify the influence mechanism of windage loss and flow characteristics in shaft-type rotor and stator gap under the condition of wider gap-radius ratio

systematically analyzing the influence rules of key parameters

such as gap-radius ratio

rotor radius

and rotor rotational speed on the windage loss coefficient based on numerical methods. That reveals the flow mechanism with the range of gap-radius ratio less than 1.3

proposes a prediction method for the optimal gap-radius ratio

and develops a windage loss coefficient model for wider range of gap-radius ratio. The results show that

the influence mechanism of the gap-radius ratio on the windage loss coefficient mainly includes wall shear effects and dissipative effects inside the fluid. At smaller gap-radius ratio

the shear effect dominates

while at larger gap-radius ratio

the dissipative effects inside the fluid become the primary factor. The windage loss coefficient first decreases and then increases as the gap-radius ratio increases

with an optimal gap-radius ratio which minimizes the windage loss coefficient. As the rotor radius increases

the optimal gap-radius ratio gradually decreases. When the rotor radius increases from 20 mm to 60 mm

the optimal gap radius ratio decreases from 0.425 to 0.167. Based on the present numerical results

a method for predicting the optimal gap-radius ratio for shaft-type rotor and stator gap and a model for the windage loss coefficient in wide gap-radius ratio were proposed

with maximum prediction deviations of 5.58% and 11.81%

respectively. The research results provide technical support for the study of windage loss and gap structure optimization in shaft-type rotor and stator gap with wider gap-radius ratio.

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