Reaction Mechanism and Hydrogen Production Efficiency of Aluminum-Water Reaction in Sub- and Supercritical Water

XU Yuhao; WU Zongjian; YUAN Ming; SUN Wuchuan; HUANG Zuohua; CHEN Di; SHE Yong; ZHANG Yingjia

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Reaction Mechanism and Hydrogen Production Efficiency of Aluminum-Water Reaction in Sub- and Supercritical Water

更新时间：2026-04-01

- Reaction Mechanism and Hydrogen Production Efficiency of Aluminum-Water Reaction in Sub- and Supercritical Water
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学绿色氢电全国重点实验室，710049，西安
  2.内蒙机械动力研究所，010010，呼和浩特
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TK91
- Received：13 January 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-03-30，
  
  Accepted：01 April 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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XU Yuhao, WU Zongjian, YUAN Ming, et al. Reaction Mechanism and Hydrogen Production Efficiency of Aluminum-Water Reaction in Sub- and Supercritical Water[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026.
DOI：

XU Yuhao, WU Zongjian, YUAN Ming, et al. Reaction Mechanism and Hydrogen Production Efficiency of Aluminum-Water Reaction in Sub- and Supercritical Water[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026. DOI：

摘要

为揭示亚/超临界水对铝水反应制氢效率的影响规律及其作用机制，针对多物理场耦合作用下反应机制尚不明确的问题，本研究搭建了高温高压反应釜实验平台，采用电子扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等手段，系统分析了固相产物的物相组成与微观形貌，探究了铝颗粒表面钝化层破裂机制，阐明了铝颗粒粒径、反应温度、介质密度及超临界水环境对产氢能力的影响规律。结果表明：铝水反应产物具有显著温度与密度依赖性，在400 ~ 600 K液态水中主要生成AlOOH，仅在低温下(400 K)存在少量Al(OH)

与未反应铝，而在773 K超临界水中完全转化为Al

。制氢效率受粒径与温度协同影响显著，完全反应温度随粒径减小由600 K(154 μm)降低至380 K(12 μm)。在600 K条件下，52 μm与154 μm铝粉在液态水中的制氢效率分别为95.1%和92.5%，显著高于水蒸气环境(78.9%和49.2%)。正庚烷包覆铝粉在亚临界水中基本不反应，而在超临界水中690 K时制氢效率达到70.3%。本文量化了粒径、温度、相态对铝水反应的协同作用，为铝基材料低温高效制氢过程的优化与机理分析提供了实验依据。

Abstract

To elucidate the influence of sub- and supercritical water on the hydrogen production efficiency and underlying mechanism of the aluminum-water reaction

an experimental study was conducted to addr

ess the unclear reaction mechanism under multiphysics coupling conditions. A high-temperature and high-pressure sealed reactor was established

and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to systematically characterize the phase composition and microstructure of solid products. The rupture mechanism of the passivation layer on aluminum particles was investigated

and the effects of particle size

reaction temperature

medium density

and supercritical water environment on hydrogen production performance were clarified. The results show that the reaction products exhibit significant temperature and density dependence. In liquid water at 400 ~ 600 K

AlOOH is the dominant product

with minor amounts of Al(OH)

and unreacted aluminum observed only at 400 K. In contrast

the product is completely transformed into Al

in supercritical water at 773 K. Hydrogen production efficiency is strongly affected by the synergistic effects of particle size and temperature

and the temperature required for complete reaction decreases from 600 K (154 μm) to 380 K (12 μm) as particle size decreases. At 600 K

the hydrogen production efficiencies of 52 μm and 154 μm aluminum powders in liquid water are 95.1% and 92.5%

respectively

which are significantly higher than those in vapor (78.9% and 49.2%). Heptane-coated aluminum particles exhibit negligible reactivity in subcritical water

while a high hydrogen production efficiency of 70.3% is achieved at 690 K in supercritical water. These results demonstrate the synergistic effects of particle size

temperature

and phase state on the aluminum-water reaction

providing experimental evidence for the optimization and mechanistic understanding of hydrogen production from aluminum-based materials under low-temperature conditions.

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