Study on Ignition Regularity of Bridge-wire Electro-Explosive Devices Under Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Irradiation Based on Reciprocity Principle

ZHANG Boyuan; LIANG Tao; XUE Wanting; XIE Yanzhao

doi:null

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Study on Ignition Regularity of Bridge-wire Electro-Explosive Devices Under Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Irradiation Based on Reciprocity Principle

更新时间：2026-01-02

- Study on Ignition Regularity of Bridge-wire Electro-Explosive Devices Under Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Irradiation Based on Reciprocity Principle
- Moren Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学，电气工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TJ450.1
- Received：06 June 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-01，
  
  Accepted：02 December 2025，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Boyuan, LIANG Tao, XUE Wanting, et al. Study on Ignition Regularity of Bridge-wire Electro-Explosive Devices Under Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Irradiation Based on Reciprocity Principle[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2026.
DOI：

ZHANG Boyuan, LIANG Tao, XUE Wanting, et al. Study on Ignition Regularity of Bridge-wire Electro-Explosive Devices Under Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Irradiation Based on Reciprocity Principle[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2026. DOI：

摘要

为评估瞬态电磁脉冲场（TEMP）辐照时桥丝型电火工品（EED）的安全限值，阐明EED在TEMP作用下的发火规律。本研究提出一种基于电磁互易性原理的EED电磁耦合高效计算模型，结合EED发火判据，构建了EED的电弧/温升发火评估模型，研究了单次、重频TEMP辐照下的EED发火规律。研究表明：在单次TEMP辐照下，EED的主要发火机制为电弧发火，这源于EED脚-壳间显著的共模耦合效应，单次TEMP作用时EED脚-壳共模耦合强度可达桥丝差模耦合的数十倍量级。在重频TEMP辐照下，当单周期内电磁脉冲强度足够时，EED脚-壳间出现瞬态电击穿过程，直接触发电弧点火，后续重复频次脉冲周期仅维持电弧稳定；当单周期内TEMP强度不满足电击穿条件时，若桥丝热平衡时间远大于重频周期，则桥丝处通过不断热积累可导致温升点火；在重频TEMP辐照下，发火方式同入射场强度以及持续时间密切相关，两类发火机制均有可能发生。研究成果对于定量分析EED的电磁安全性具有重要支撑意义。

Abstract

To evaluate the safety limits of bridge wire electro-explosive device (EED) under transient electromagnetic pulse(TEMP) irradiation and elucidate its ignition mechanisms

this study proposes an efficient EED electromagnetic coupling calculation model based on the principle of electromagnetic reciprocity

combines it with the EED ignition criterion to establish an arc/thermal-ignition assessment model

and investigates the ignition behavior under both single and repetitive TEMP irradiation. The research reveals that under single TEMP irradiation

the primary ignition mechanism is arc ignition

arising from the significant common-mode coupling effect between the EED pins and shell

where the pin-to-shell common-mode coupling intensity can reach tens of times that of the bridge wire differential-mode coupling. Under repetitive TEMP irradiation

if the electromagnetic pulse intensity within a single pulse period is sufficient

transient electrical breakdown occurs between the pins and shell

directly triggering arc ignition with subsequent pulses merely sustaining the stable arc; however

if the single-pulse intensity is insufficient for breakdown

thermal ignition via continuous thermal accumulation at the bridge wire can occur provided its thermal equilibrium time is significantly longer than the repetition period. Consequently

the ignition mode (arc or thermal) under repetitive TEMP irradiation is closely related to the incident field intensity and duration

with both mechanisms being possible. These findings provide significant support for the quantitative electromagnetic safety analysis of EED.

关键词

Keywords

references

WANG J , ZHOU B , YE S , et al . Novel electro explosive de⁃ vice incorporating a planar transient suppression diode [J ] . IEEE Electron Device Letters ， 2020 ， 41 （ 9 ）： 1416 - 1419 .

PARATE B A ， CHANDEL S ， SHEKHAR H . Lumped parameter analysis of bridge wire in an electro explosive device of a pow⁃ er cartridge for water jet application： a case study [J ] . Central European Journal of Energetic Materials ， 2020 ， 17 （ 3 ）： 408 - 427 .

CHEN H , ZHU D , ZHU Y , et al . Calculation, Simulation, and Measurement of Input Impedance and RF-Induced Current of Bridge wire Electro-Explosive Device [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , 2024 : 1 - 13 .

SHI L ， YANG A ， ZHANG Y ， et al . Study on the temperature of the Bridge Wire in the Initiator Used in Nuclear Explosion Valve [J ] . American Journal of Analytical Chemistry ， 2016 ， 7 （ 12 ）： 908 - 917 .

张博渊 , 梁涛 , 薛婉婷 , 等 . 直流激励下桥丝型电火工品电弧发火预测模型 [J ] . 含能材料 , 2024 , 32 ( 12 ): 1334 - 1342 .

ZHANG B , LIANG T , XUE W , et al . A Prediction Model of Arc Ignition for Bridge-wire Electro Explosive Device Under Direct Current Excitation . Chinese journal of Energetic Materials , 2024 , 32 ( 12 ): 1334 - 1342 .

U.S. Department of Defense . Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards , DoDD 6055.09E , 2019 : 34 - 37 .

European Commission . Assessment of Electromagnetic Threats on Civil Explosives , JRC125489 , 2021 .

LI J , ZHOU Z , HU P , et al . Calculating method for RF induced current of electric-explosive device based on agrawal model and non-uniform transmission line [C ] . 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI) , Changsha, China , 2019 , pp. 736 - 741 .

WANG B , SUN Y , ZHOU S , et al . Analysis of the Electromagnetic Effect Mechanism of EED under Continuous Wave Radiation [J ] . International Journal of Antennas and Propagation , 2024 , 2024 : 1 - 6 .

王瑾 , 王汉昌 , 沈建森 , 等 . 某型电火工品弹药电磁环境下使用安全性分析 [J ] . 海军航空大学学报 , 2023 , 38 ( 04 ): 331 - 337+346 .

WANG J , WANG H , SHEN J , et al . Safety Analysis of a Type of Ammunition Equipped with EED in Electromagnetic Environment [J ] . Journal of Naval Aviation University , 2023 , 38 ( 04 ): 331 - 337+346 .

朱晓楠 , 潘进 , 杨进候 , 等 . 桥丝式电火工品感应电流及电磁安全性分析 [J ] . 水下无人系统学报 , 2024 , 32 ( 4 ): 749 - 756 .

ZHU X , PAN J , YANG J , et al . Analysis of Induced Current and Electromagnetic Safety of Bridge-Wire Electric Explosive Device [J ] . Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems , 2024 , 32 ( 4 ): 749 - 756 .

PANTOJA J J , VEGA F , ROMÁN F , et al . On the Differential Input Impedance of an Electro-Explosive Device [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques , 2018 , 66 ( 2 ): 858 - 864 .

姚洪志 , 李瑞 , 赵团 , 等 . 典型桥丝式电火工品静电危害影响分析 [J ] . 火工品 , 2021 ( 6 ): 18 - 22 .

YAO H , LI R , ZHAO T , et al . Analysis of the Electrostatic Hazards of Typical Bridge Wire Electro-Explosive Devices [J ] . Initiators & Pyrotechnics , 2021 ( 6 ): 18 - 22 .

陈启鹏 . 火工品防静电防雷执行标准应对辨析 [J ] . 中国标准化 , 2023 ( 22 ): 72 - 76 .

CHEN Q . Analysis of the Measures of Standards for Electrostatic and Lightning Protection of Initiating Explosive Devices [J ] . China Standardization , 2023 ( 22 ): 72 - 76 .

段鑫沛 , 朱云娇 , 殷亚楠 , 等 . 电磁脉冲对半导体器件影响机制研究概述 [J ] . 中国集成电路 , 2025 , 34 ( 03 ): 43 - 49 .

DUAN X , ZHU Y , YIN Y , et al . An Overview of the Influence Mechanism of Electromagnetic Pulse on Semiconductor Devices [J ] . China Integrated Circuit , 2025 , 34 ( 03 ): 43 - 49 .

刘跞仪 , 姚洪志 , 赵团 , 等 . 桥丝式电火工品电磁环境失效规律 [J ] . 装备环境工程 , 2024 , 21 ( 11 ): 25 - 32 .

LIU Y , YAO H , ZHAO T , et al . Failure Law of Electromagnetic Environment for Bridge Wire Electro-explosive Devices [J ] . Equipment Environmental Engineering , 2024 , 21 ( 11 ): 25 - 32 .

CHEN X , QIU Y , TIAN J , et al . Coupling effect of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse of two-pin electric explosive device based on a V-type antenna model [J ] . International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering , 2022 , 32 ( 12 ): e23417 .

REALE D V , MANKOWSKI J , DICKENS J . Susceptibility of Electro-Explosive Devices to high pulsed electric fields [C ] . 2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC) . San Diego, CA, USA : IEEE , 2012 : 211 - 214 .

吕旭旭 , 魏光辉 , 杜雪 , 等 . 灼热桥丝式电火工品脉冲电流激励发火规律分析 [J ] . 含能材料 , 2023 , 31 ( 6 ): 589 - 597 .

LYU X , WEI G , DU X , et al . Analysis on Ignition Law of Hot Bridge-wire Electro Explosive Device Under Pulse Current Excitation [J ] . Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials , 2023 , 31 ( 6 ): 589 - 597 .

JIA J , RINAS D , FREI S . Predicting the Radiated Emissions of Automotive Systems According to CISPR 25 Using Current Scan Methods [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility , 2016 , 58 ( 2 ): 409 - 418 .

席志豪 , 梁涛 , 谢彦召 , 等 . 基于时域BLT方程的带绝缘线缆束场-线耦合模型 [J ] . 高电压技术 , 2024 , 50 ( 02 ): 758 - 764 .

XI Z , LIANG T , XIE Y , et al . Field-to-line Coupling Model for Insulated Wiring Bundle Based on Time-domain BLT Equation [J ] . High Voltage Engineering , 2024 , 50 ( 02 ): 758 - 764 .

SPADACINI G , LIANG T , GRASSI F , et al . Worst Case and Statistics of Waveforms Involved in Wideband Intentional Electromagnetic Attacks [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility , 2018 , 60 ( 5 ): 1436 - 1444 .

Giri D V and Tesche F M . Classification of intentional electromagnetic environments (IEME) [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility , 2004 , 46 ( 3 ): 322 – 328 .

Environment—High-Power Electromagnetic (HPEM) Environments Radiated and Conducted , IEC 61000 - 2 - 13 , 2005 .

孟冬旭 , 魏明 , 胡小锋 , 等 . 电磁脉冲作用下电火工品感应电流仿真研究 [J ] . 安全与电磁兼容 , 2022 ,( 02 ): 24 - 28 .

MENG D , WEI M , HU X , et al . Simulation Study on Induced Current of Electric Explosive Device Under Electromagnetic Pulse [J ] . Safety & EMC , 2022 ,( 02 ): 24 - 28 .

姚洪志 , 章云 , 杜敬利 , 等 . 电火工品的电磁场安全阈值 [J ] . 含能材料 , 2024 , 32 ( 1 ): 76 - 82 .

YAO H , ZHANG Y , DU J , et al . Electromagnetic Field Safety Threshold of Electro-explosive Devices [J ] . Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials , 2024 , 32 ( 1 ): 76 - 82 .

吕旭旭 , 魏光辉 . 实装灼热桥丝式电火工品电磁辐射敏感度测试方法评述 [J ] . 强激光与粒子束 , 2023 , 35 ( 06 ): 53 - 62 .

LYU X , WEI G . Comments on the electromagnetic safety assessment method for hot bridge wire electro-explosive device [J ] . High Power Laser and Particle Beams , 2023 , 35 ( 06 ): 53 - 62 .

YANG J , LI G , ZHOU L . Quantitative evaluation for radio‐frequency effects of electro-explosive device [C ] . 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility （EMC）， 2015 ： 417 - 421 .

U.S. Department of the Army . Military Explosives (Field Manual No . TM 9 - 1300 - 214 ). Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 1984 .

SONG H , ZHAO J , HUANG Z , et al . The coupling of lightning electromagnetic pulse on ships with a novel FDTD modeling scheme [C ] . 2021 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES-China) Symposium . 2021 : 1 - 2 .

YI T , WANG F , GUO X , et al . Prediction of Electromagnetic Pulse Radiation at High Power Laser Facility [C ] . 2022 IEEE 5th International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET) . 2022 : 327 - 330 .

RADASKY W A , HOAD R . Recent Developments in High Power EM (HPEM) Standards With Emphasis on High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) [J ] . IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications , 2020 , 2 ( 3 ): 62 - 66 .

XU J , REN C , XIAO K , et al . High Repetition Frequency, High Power Electromagnetic Pulses Generation [C ] . 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE) . 2019 : 18 - 21 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Ignition Characteristics of Bridge-Wire Electro-Explosive Devices Under Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Irradiation via Reciprocity Principle

Effects of Expansion Angle Crater Film Hole on the Film Cooling Characteristics of a Double-Wall Structure

Integrated and Joint Design Optimization of Centrifugal Compressor Impeller and Casing Treatment at Multiple Working Points

Sensitivity Analysis of Foil Geometrical Parameters for the Third-Generation CO2 Gas Foil Bearings Based on Design of Experiments Method

Influence of Structural Parameters on the Summer Operational Characteristics of a Three-Tower-in-One Indirect Air-Cooling System

Related Author

ZHANG Boyuan

LIANG Tao

XUE Wanting

XIE Yanzhao

Related Institution

School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

⁰