Visual Study on the Influence of Hole Diameter on Methanol Flow and Spray Transient Characteristics in High-pressure Nozzles

ZHANG Ying; LI Hongmei; HAN Dan; YANG Yizhou; GUO Genmiao; HE Zhixia

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Visual Study on the Influence of Hole Diameter on Methanol Flow and Spray Transient Characteristics in High-pressure Nozzles

更新时间：2025-12-01

- Visual Study on the Influence of Hole Diameter on Methanol Flow and Spray Transient Characteristics in High-pressure Nozzles
- Moren Journal (2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江苏大学,江苏省镇江市,中国
  2.中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所,上海市上海市,中国
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TK421
- Received：26 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-06-27，
  
  Accepted：28 September 2025，
- 稿件说明：
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ZHANG Ying, LI Hongmei, HAN Dan, et al. Visual Study on the Influence of Hole Diameter on Methanol Flow and Spray Transient Characteristics in High-pressure Nozzles[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025.
DOI：

ZHANG Ying, LI Hongmei, HAN Dan, et al. Visual Study on the Influence of Hole Diameter on Methanol Flow and Spray Transient Characteristics in High-pressure Nozzles[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025. DOI：

摘要

为研究甲醇燃料在内燃机喷油器喷嘴内部的流动特性及近场喷雾演变规律，本研究自主搭建了高压燃油喷射及雾化可视化试验系统，结合开发的背光均光成像技术，成功解决了甲醇燃料与透明喷嘴材料间的光折射率匹配难题。基于该平台探究了喷孔直径为0.20 mm、0.30 mm、0.40 mm时，喷射压力和背压分别为50 MPa和0.1 MPa下甲醇燃料的瞬态流动特征与喷雾宏观特性。结果表明：针阀开启过程中，喷孔内几何空化快速初生并演化为超空化流态，同时伴随喷嘴压力室内持续发展的线空化现象及空泡团簇汇聚运动。完整的喷射周期可分为四个特征阶段：喷射初期、稳定喷射期、针阀落座期和尾喷阶段，其中针阀开启与落座两阶段的空化剧烈波动导致喷雾锥角显著增大。研究发现喷嘴锥角的变化滞后于针阀运动，且喷孔直径与线空化强度呈非线性关系，当孔径处于合适大小时，喷孔入口与针阀、压力室构成的流道可引致空化强度达到峰值。同时，较小孔径喷嘴在出口区域产生更强的剪切效应，这种流体扰动加速了甲醇尾喷阶段细长液丝的断裂过程，从而导致小孔径喷嘴尾喷持续时间缩短。

Abstract

To investigate the flow characteristics of methanol fuel inside the injector nozzle of internal combustion engines and the evolution law of near-field spray

this study independently built a high-pressure fuel injection and atomization visualization test system. By developing backlight uniform light imaging technology

the problem of light refractive index matching between methanol fuel and transparent nozzle materials was successfully solved. Based on the established platform

the transient flow characteristics and macroscopic spray behaviors of methanol fuel were investigated under injection pressure of 50 MPa and back pressure of 0.1 MPa with nozzle orifice diameters of 0.20 mm

0.30 mm

and 0.40 mm. The results show that during the needle valve opening process

geometric cavitation in the nozzle hole rapidly initiates and evolves into supercavitation flow patterns

accompanied by the continuous development of linear cavitation phenomena and the convergent motion of cavitation bubble clusters in the nozzle pressure chamber. The complete injection cycle can be divided into four characteristic stages: initial injection stage

stable injection stage

needle valve seating stage

and after-injection stage. Among them

the intense cavitation fluctuations during the needle valve opening and seating stages lead to a significant increase in the spray cone angle. The study found that the variation of the spray cone angle lags behind the needle valve motion

and that the string cavitation intensity exhibits a nonlinear relationship with the nozzle orifice diameter. When the orifice diameter is appropriately sized

the flow passage formed by the orifice inlet

needle valve

and pressure chamber can induce a peak in cavitation intensity. Additionally

nozzles with smaller hole diameters generate stronger shear effects in the outlet area

and this fluid disturbance accelerates the breaking process of slender liquid filaments during the after-injection stage of methanol

thereby shortening the after-injection duration of small-hole-diameter nozzles. This study clarifies the cavitation evolution mechanism of methanol fuel in the nozzle and near-field spray characteristics

providing an experimental basis for the structural optimization of methanol engine injectors and spray control.

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