Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO<sub>2</sub> Direct Cooling System Architectures

HAN Xu; JIA Fan; CHEN Bin; FANG Jianmin; YIN Xiang; CAO Feng

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Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO₂ Direct Cooling System Architectures

更新时间：2025-11-18

- Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO₂ Direct Cooling System Architectures
- Moren Journal (2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西省西安市710049
  2.西安交通大学国家储能技术产教融合创新平台（中心）,陕西省西安市710049
  3.豫新汽车热管理科技有限公司,河南省新乡市453000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TB61;TB63+2
- Received：22 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-06-12，
  
  Accepted：03 August 2025，
- 稿件说明：
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HAN Xu, JIA Fan, CHEN Bin, et al. Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO₂ Direct Cooling System Architectures[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025.
DOI：

HAN Xu, JIA Fan, CHEN Bin, et al. Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO₂ Direct Cooling System Architectures[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025. DOI：

摘要

基于跨临界CO

循环的电动汽车电池直冷技术面临沸腾换热中两相流型调控困难、多热源分配的强耦合特征，容易出现电池局部过温的问题，迫切需要开展不同系统架构下的动力电池冷却系统性能分析。为此，本文基于跨临界CO

循环，对比研究了三种蒸发冷却一体化热管理系统架构（直冷板和乘员舱蒸发器并联式、混合串并联式、部分并联式）对电池冷却特性的影响。分别研究了电池热特征、环境温度等对直冷性能、冷却均温性的潜在影响规律，并深入分析了三种架构直冷板中两相流干度变化的内在均温性影响机理，探究了乘员舱侧蒸发器过热度控制在三种架构中的表征电池均温性变化。此外，研究了三种架构中的直冷板参数对冷却特性影响规律。结果表明：电池直冷和乘员舱蒸发器并联系统架构在应对高负荷、高环境下易出现电池局部过热，最而部分并联的系统架构可以有效改善恶劣工况下的冷却均匀性，电池最大温差在全工况均低于0.3℃。升高蒸发器出口过热度可以提升电池温均性，过热度每升高1℃，会使得电池最大温差减小约14%，系统能效比减小4.1%。本文研究为电池直冷系统架构选择提供新思路。

Abstract

Battery direct cooling technology based on transcritical CO

cycle faces the problems of difficult regulation of two-phase flow pattern in boiling heat transfer

strong coupling characteristics of multiple heat source distribution

and easy to appear battery localized over-temperature

and there is an urgent need to carry out the performance analysis of power battery cooling system under different system architectures. To this end

this paper comparatively investigates the effects of three evaporative cooling integrated thermal management system architectures (direct cooling plate and passenger compartment evaporator in parallel

hybrid series-parallel

and partially parallel) on the battery cooling characteristics based on the transcritical CO

cycle. The potential influence laws of battery thermal characteristics and ambient temperature on direct cooling performance and cooling homogeneity are investigated separately

and the int

rinsic homogeneity influence mechanism of two-phase flow dryness change in the direct cooling plate of the three architectures is analyzed in-depth

and the variation of characterized battery homogeneity in the three architectures is investigated by the superheat control of the passenger compartment side evaporator. In addition

the direct cooling plate parameters in the three architectures are investigated to influence the cooling characteristics. The results show that the direct cooling and passenger compartment evaporator parallel system architectures are prone to localized overheating of the battery under high loads and high environments

while the partially parallel system architectures can effectively improve the cooling uniformity under severe operating conditions

and the maximum temperature difference of the battery is less than 0.3℃ in all operating conditions. Increasing the superheat of the evaporator outlet can improve the temperature uniformity of the battery

and every 1°C increase in superheat will reduce the maximum temperature difference of the battery by about 14%

and the energy efficiency of the system will be reduced by 4.1%. The research in this paper provides new ideas for the selection of battery direct cooling system architecture.

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references

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Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO2 Direct Cooling System Architectures

DOI：

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Performance Analysis of Power Battery Cooling System under Different Transcritical CO₂ Direct Cooling System Architectures