Experimental Study on Alternating Current Heating Strategies for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries Across Full Lifecycle

ZHENG Dongbin; LI Kuining; SANG Yanjie; XIE Yi; CUI Naxin

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Experimental Study on Alternating Current Heating Strategies for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries Across Full Lifecycle

更新时间：2025-10-09

- Experimental Study on Alternating Current Heating Strategies for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries Across Full Lifecycle
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆市重庆市400044
  2.重庆大学能源与动力工程学院,重庆市重庆市400044
  3.重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆市重庆市400044
  4.山东大学控制科学与工程学院,山东省济南市250061
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC：
- Received：15 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-09-25，
  
  Accepted：09 October 2025，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHENG Dongbin, LI Kuining, SANG Yanjie, et al. Experimental Study on Alternating Current Heating Strategies for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries Across Full Lifecycle[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2025.
DOI：

ZHENG Dongbin, LI Kuining, SANG Yanjie, et al. Experimental Study on Alternating Current Heating Strategies for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries Across Full Lifecycle[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2025. DOI：

摘要

针对电动汽车动力电池全寿命周期的低温安全问题，本文提出一种基于电热老化耦合模型的锂离子电池交流加热最佳策略。高精度电热老化耦合模型融合了二阶电阻-常相位元件等效电路模型、热特性模型和参数老化动态交互模型，并综合考虑了电池的电学动态特性、热行为及随老化过程变化的参数。通过引入避免电池析锂反应发生的析锂约束，并设置防止电池两端电压过高或过低的过压约束，形成双安全约束。在此基础上，计算出全寿命周期电池在不同温度区间对应的最优交流电频率和幅值，制定了内部产热率最大的最优交流加热策略。研究结果表明：全寿命周期电池的仿真与实验温度最大误差为0.29 ℃、电压最大误差为0.057 V；电池健康状态（SOH）分别为95.03%、89.97%、84.54%、80.14%的电池平均温升速率分别为2.70、2.45、2.36、1.90 ℃/min；电池电压与温度的最大均方根误差分别为30.4 mV和0.31 ℃。电池经过500次循环加热后，电池SOH降低了2.2%。反映电池老化程度的容量增量（IC）曲线中IC峰值变化很小，循环加热前后电池IC曲线基本重合，从而验证了加热策略在电池全寿命周期的安全性、适用性及模型的有效性。该研究可为新能源汽车动力电池的低温加热技术提供技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the low-temperature safety issues of traction batteries in electric vehicles throughout their entire life cycle

this paper proposes an optimal alternating current (AC) heating strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on an electro-thermal-aging coupled model. The high-accuracy coupled model integrates a second-order RQ equivalent circuit model

a thermal characteristics model

and a dynamic parameter-aging interaction mechanism

comprehensively considering the electrical dynamic characteristics

thermal behavior

and parameter variations during the aging process of the battery. In this study

a lithium plating constraint is introduced to prevent lithium plating reactions

and an over-voltage constraint is imposed to avoid excessive or insufficient terminal voltages

thereby forming a dual safety constraint. Based on these constraints

the optimal AC frequency and amplitude corresponding to different temperature ranges over the entire battery life cycle are determined

and an optimal AC heating strategy that maximizes the internal heat generation rate is developed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the maximum deviations between simulated and measured temperatures and voltages are 0.29  °C and 0.057  V

respectively

throughout the battery’s life cycle. The average temperature rise rates of batteries with state-of-health (SOH) values of 95.03%

89.97%

84.54%

and 80.14% are 2.70

2.45

2.36

and 1.90  °C/min

respectively. The maximum root-mean-square errors of voltage and temperature are 30.4  mV and 0.31 °C. After 500 cycles of AC heating

the SOH degradation is only 2.2%

and the incremental capacity (IC) curves before and after the heating cycles remain almost identical

with negligible changes in IC peak values

thereby verifying the safety and applicability of the heating strategy as well as the validity of the model over the battery’s entire life cycle. This study provides a technical foundation for the development of low-temperature heating technologies for power batteries in electric vehicles.

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Keywords

references

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