A Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems

LIU Aijie; ZHAO Pan; ZHANG Jinshuai; ZHOU Ning; MA Ning; HU Yurong; WANG Jiangfeng; MIAO Ling

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A Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems

更新时间：2025-07-30

- A Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems
- Moren Journal (2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西省西安市710049
  2.国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院,河南省郑州市450000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TK02
- Received：19 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-29，
  
  Accepted：30 July 2025，
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Aijie, ZHAO Pan, ZHANG Jinshuai, et al. A Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025.
DOI：

LIU Aijie, ZHAO Pan, ZHANG Jinshuai, et al. A Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025. DOI：

摘要

为扩大储能系统的储能及释能功率范围，以适应不同可再生能源消纳容量等级，在多等级运行压缩二氧化碳储能系统基础上，提出了能够多等级运行的两机串联系统和三机串联系统，并进行了综合性能对比分析。首先，介绍了不同系统在3个储能/释能等级下的运行方式与部件热力学模型；其次，探究了压缩机和透平的安全运行范围，获得各系统最优中压罐压力；接着，获得不同系统各等级下的储能和释能功率范围；最后，对两个系统各等级下的性能指标进行对比。研究结果表明：对于三机串联系统和两机串联系统，基于部件热力学模型和设计参数，其最优中压罐压力分别为4.178、5.088 MPa；两机串联系统的储能功率范围较三机串联系统增加了22.78%，三机串联系统的储能功率间隔较两机串联系统减少了22.80%；相较于三机串联系统，两机串联系统在各等级都具有更高的储能/释能功率范围、充放电效率和能量密度。研究结果对于推动低碳转型和规模化可再生能源的高效利用具有重要现实意义。

Abstract

To expand the power regulation range of charging/discharging in energy storage systems for adapting to different capacity levels of renewable energy integration across various scenarios such as large-scale and rural applications

this paper proposes two-series and three-series systems based on multi-level compressed CO₂ energy storage systems and conducts a comprehensive performance comparative study. First

the operation method of the multi-level compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system under three levels is introduced. And the system indicators are exhibited. Then

the study obtains the safe operation range of both the turbine and compressor. The optimal pressure of the medium-pressure storage tank in the two systems is achieved. Subsequently

the detailed charge and discharge power under all levels are shown for the two systems. Finally

a comparison is made on the system indicators under three levels between the two systems. The results reveal that

based on the models and the design parameters

the optimal pressure of the medium-pressure storage tank for the three-series system is 4.178 MPa

while that of the two-series system is 5.088 MPa. The charge power range of the two-series system is 22.78% higher than that of the three-series system. The charge power gap of the three-series system is 22.80% lower than that of the two-series system. Compared to the three-series system

the two-series system has a higher charge power range

discharge power range

round-trip efficiency

and energy density under all three levels. To conclude

the two-series system has better system performance. The study demonstrates that the two-series system delivers superior operational performance

with these findings holding significant practical implications for promoting rural low-carbon transition and enhancing efficiency in large-scale renewable energy utilization.

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