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针对氨燃料化学反应活性低、直接在发动机上使用较难实现可靠着火及高效燃烧的问题,开展了添加高反应活性燃料二甲醚改善氨着火性能的实验及模拟研究。利用激波管实验装置获得了压力为1 MPa、温度在1 079~1 667 K范围内和当量比为1条件下氨/二甲醚燃料的着火延迟期的实验数据,揭示了添加二甲醚后的着火促进效果;利用实验数据评价了不同化学反应动力学模型对氨/二甲醚燃料着火延迟期的预测表现;基于Dai模型开展了化学反应动力学理论分析,明晰了掺混二甲醚对反应路径、着火敏感反应和自由基产率的影响机制。实验结果表明,高温下掺混二甲醚对氨着火延迟期有显著的非线性促进作用,实际应用中仅掺混少量即可达到着火调控效果。化学反应动力学分析结果表明:添加摩尔分数为5%的二甲醚对氨的化学反应路径影响较小,着火过程中两种燃料之间存在自由基的竞争;添加二甲醚在着火初期提高了OH自由基生成反应的产率,从而显著缩短了着火延迟期。该研究可为氨燃料发动机的着火调控和性能优化提供参考。
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