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为了提高蓄热器效率和能量密度以满足压缩空气储能系统需求,本文在综合考虑填料表面传热和内部导热的基础上,结合舒曼模型和混合扩散模型的优点,提出了一种基于非稳态传热正规状况的一维液-固两相无量纲模型,探究了填料的半径、密度、比热容、导热系数和蓄热器长径比对蓄热器效率的影响规律,并对蓄热器进行优化设计。研究结果表明:SOLAR ONE电站蓄热子系统中,蓄热器填料的最优半径为1 mm
蓄热器最优长径比为3∶1;增大填料的密度和比热容可以线性提升蓄热器的储能密度,但会导致蓄热器放热效率降低;填料的导热系数对蓄热器效率的影响存在临界点:SOLAR ONE电站蓄热子系统中,填料的临界导热系数为2 W/(m·K);当填料的导热系数小于2 W/(m·K)时,增大填料的导热系数可以显著提高蓄热器放热效率。最后,本文采用分层设计的方法,结合最优长径比,通过在蓄热器上下两端增加高度占比5%
颗粒半径5 mm的铸铁层,使得蓄热器■效率提升1.4%
净释放■提升20.2%。本文的研究结论和优化方法可以为填充床蓄热器的填料选择和优化设计提供理论指导。
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