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为了研究叶栅装配间隙泄漏流对透平叶片端壁气膜冷却特性的影响,依据真实重型燃气透平叶片参数,搭建了端壁气膜冷却实验台。采用压力敏感漆技术测量了不同质量流量比和装配间隙角度下端壁的气膜冷却特性,使用压力扫描阀测量了主流进口雷诺数和叶片表面压力分布。通过数值计算模拟了实验叶片装配间隙的流动结构,得到了装配间隙冷气出流质量流量比及射流角度的气膜冷却特性。结果表明:在装配间隙冷气出流质量流量比为0.1%~1.0%的范围内,在相同射流角度下,增加装配间隙质量流量能够提升透平端壁气膜冷却有效度,并增大装配间隙下游出口气膜覆盖面积,冷气质量流量比为1.0%时端壁气膜冷却有效度达到最高。由于叶片端壁表面的压力梯度导致装配间隙出流集中在流道中部及出口位置。在研究的60°~90°射流角范围内,在相同质量流量比下,减小装配间隙射流角度能够有效提升端壁气膜冷却有效度,75°射流角相较于90°垂直入射条件下的气膜冷却有效度增加接近一倍;射流角为60°时端壁气膜冷却有效度达到最高。
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