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采用流热固耦合方法数值研究了真实叶片材料热物性条件下叶片前缘冲击腔室内冷却射流的流动及换热特性。分析了冲击孔的偏置距离(2.5 mm、5.0 mm、7.5 mm和10.0 mm)及冲击冷气与主流的质量流量比(1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%和3.0%)对前缘面复合冷却性能、冲击靶面对流换热性能及吸力面气膜冷却性能的影响。研究表明:冲击孔偏置结构会对叶片前缘区域的冷却产生显著的影响,偏置距离较小时会削弱前缘面复合冷却性能及靶面对流换热性能,而偏置距离较大时能同时强化前缘面复合冷却性能及靶面对流换热性能,尤其是对靶面对流换热性能的提高效果非常显著。4个冲击孔偏置结构中,偏置距离最大的结构相较于无偏置结构的靶面平均努塞尔数最多提高了约33.97%;吸力面的气膜冷却性能大体上与冲击孔到吸力面气膜孔的周向距离呈现出负相关性,冲击孔距吸力面气膜孔越远,吸力面的气膜冷却性能越弱;相较于无偏置结构,冲击孔偏近及偏离气膜孔布置时吸力面平均气膜有效度最多分别提高了约5.56%和降低了约10.96%;当冲击冷气的质量流量比较小时,增大冷气的质量流量比能有效提高叶片前缘冷却性能。前缘面平均综合冷却效率、靶面平均努塞尔数和吸力面平均气膜有效度分别能提高最多约26.78%、103.94%和56.67%
但当冷气的质量流量比过大时,会发生气膜孔出口处冷气脱离壁面并主流发生掺混的情况,严重影响前缘面及吸力面的气膜覆盖效果。
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