喷孔长度对空化流动及空蚀特性的影响研究

金江善; 赵文涛; 王作群; 郭根苗; 何志霞

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202611015

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

喷孔长度对空化流动及空蚀特性的影响研究

更新时间：2026-11-09

- 喷孔长度对空化流动及空蚀特性的影响研究
- Effects of Orifice Length on In-Nozzle Cavitating Flow Characteristics and Cavitation Erosion Risk
- 西安交通大学学报 2026年60卷第11期页码：168-178
- 作者机构：
  
  先进船舶发动机技术全国重点实验室，201108，上海
  船舶与海洋工程特种装备和动力系统国家工程中心，201108，上海
  江苏大学能源研究院，212013，江苏镇江
- 作者简介：
  
  金江善（1979—），男，研究员；
  郭根苗（通信作者），女，副教授，硕士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  液氨高压喷射喷嘴内空化闪沸相变热动力机理及雾化破碎耦合机制(52376113);先进船舶发动机技术全国重点实验室基金资助项目(LAB-2025-11-WD);中国博士后科学基金资助项目。(2024M763728)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202611015
  中图分类号： TK421
- 收稿：2026-01-30，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-15，
  
  纸质出版：2026-11-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
金江善, 赵文涛, 王作群, 等. 喷孔长度对空化流动及空蚀特性的影响研究[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报,2026,60 (11):168-178. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611015.

JIN Jiangshan, ZHAO Wentao, WANG Zuoqun, et al. Effects of Orifice Length on In-Nozzle Cavitating Flow Characteristics and Cavitation Erosion Risk[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (11):168-178. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611015.
金江善, 赵文涛, 王作群, 等. 喷孔长度对空化流动及空蚀特性的影响研究[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报,2026,60 (11):168-178. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611015. DOI：

JIN Jiangshan, ZHAO Wentao, WANG Zuoqun, et al. Effects of Orifice Length on In-Nozzle Cavitating Flow Characteristics and Cavitation Erosion Risk[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (11):168-178. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611015. DOI：

摘要

为深入探讨高压喷嘴内复杂的气液两相空化机理及其引发的壁面空蚀损毁机制，采用高速显微成像技术结合多相流数值模拟，重点分析了3种喷孔长度（2.04、3.06、4.08 mm）下，孔内空化流态的瞬态演变规律及近场喷雾宏观特征，并量化评估了近壁面汽泡溃灭带来的空蚀风险。结果表明：喷孔长度显著影响空化发展及流态演变；短喷孔内空化初生早，易迅速发展为超空化流态，云空化脱落频率最高（约18 kHz），喷雾锥角峰值约26°、平均值约18.83°；随喷孔长度增至3.06、4.08 mm，云空化脱落频率分别降至约15、10 kHz，喷雾锥角平均值分别约13.0°、15.6°；长喷孔内因涡旋强烈诱发涡线空化，导致喷雾锥角随之剧烈波动。此外，喷孔长度对空蚀风险的影响呈非线性：短喷孔因云空化高频脱落致使大面积区域空蚀风险较高；长喷孔因几何与涡线空化叠加使风险区扩大；中等长度喷孔内的超空化流态相对稳定，展现出最低的空蚀风险。喷嘴结构优化可利用喷孔长度协同调控流通特性、喷雾形态与空蚀风险。

Abstract

To elucidate the complex gas-liquid two-phase cavitation mechanism and the resulting wall erosion mechanism in high-pressure nozzles

high-speed microscopic imaging was combined with multiphase flow numerical simulations.The transient evolution of cavitating flow regimes and macroscopic characteristics of near-field spray for three orifice lengths (2.04

3.06

and 4.08 mm) were analyzed

and the cavitation erosion risk induced by near-wall bubble collapse was quantitatively assessed.The results indicate that the orifice length significantly affects cavitation development and flow regime evolution.In the short orifice

cavitation inception occurs earlier and rapidly develops into a supercavitation regime with the highest cloud cavitation shedding frequency (approximately 18 kHz)

with a peak spray cone angle of approximately 26°and an average value of approximately 18.83°.As the orifice length increases to 3.06

4.08 mm

the cloud cavitation shedding frequency decreases to approximately 15

10 kHz

respectively

and the corresponding average spray cone angles are approximately 13.0°and 15 .6°.In the long orifice

intense vortex cavitation is induced by strong vortices

causing violent fluctuations in the spray cone angle.Furthermore

the influence of orifice length on cavitation erosion risk is nonlinear.The short orifice exhibits a high erosion risk over a large area due to the high-frequency shedding of cloud cavitation.The long orifice expands the risk area due to the superposition of geometric and vortex cavitation.In contrast

the medium-length orifice presents the lowest cavitation erosion risk owing to a relatively stable supercavitation flow regime.Therefore

in nozzle structural optimization

the orifice length can be utilized to synergistically regulate flow characteristics

spray morphology

and cavitation erosion risk.

关键词

Keywords

references

Hayashi T,Suzuki M,Ikemoto M.Effects of internal flow in a diesel nozzle on spray combustion [J].International Journal of Engine Research,2013,14 (6):646-654.

Hu Bihe,He Zhixia,Li Chen,et al.Study of the effect of cavitation flow patterns in diesel injector nozzles on near-field spray atomization characteristics using a LES-VOF method [J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2024,174:104791.

Luo Kun,Huang Yongcheng,Li Yaoting,et al.A mixed primary atomization model with quantification of aerodynamic,turbulence and cavitation effects [J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2024,170:104650.

Gomez S E,Shi Junmei,Venkatasubramanian R,et al. Modelling and prediction of cavitation erosion in GDi injectors operated with E100 fuel [J].Fuel,2021, 289:119923.

Bellini R,Rodriguez C,Karathanassis I K,et al.Cavitation dynamics and surface erosion in fuel injectors considering the composition of fuel mixtures [J].Computers & Fluids,2025,301:106793.

Leng Pengfei,Wu Zhijun,Hu Chaoqun,et al.Cavitation instability in real-size GDI nozzle using X-ray phase-contrast imaging [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2024,235:126137.

Qiu Tao,Song Xin,Lei Yan,et al.Influence of inlet pressure on cavitation flow in diesel nozzle [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 109 (Part A):364-372.

Qiu Tao,Song Xin,Lei Yan,et al.Effect of back pressure on nozzle inner flow in fuel injector [J].Fuel,2016,173:79-89.

Vidal A,Kolovos K,Gold M R,et al.Preferential cavitation and friction-induced heating of multi-component Diesel fuel surrogates up to 450 MPa [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2021, 166:120744.

Wei Yunpeng,Zhang Hanwen,Fan Liyun,et al.Experimental study on influence of pressure fluctuation and cavitation characteristics of nozzle internal flow on near field spray [J].Fuel,2023,337:126843.

郭根苗,白天阳,邵壮,等.喷孔锥度和燃油温度对柴油喷嘴内空化流动特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2022,56(8):131-140.

Guo Genmiao,Bai Tianyang,Shao Zhuang,et al. Effects of hole taper coefficients and diesel temperatures on in-nozzle cavitation[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2022,56(8):131-140.

Quist N A,Matlok S,Sajin-Henningsen S,et al.Numerical investigation on the effect of physical properties of alternative fuels on in-nozzle cavitation in a fullscale injector for a two-stroke marine engine [J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2026,195:105523.

路泽民,蔡雨嫣,洪欢欢,等.流体性质对涡旋式水力空化发生器空化性能的影响分析[J].机械制造, 2025,63(11):17-22.

Lu Zemin,Cai Yuyan,Hong Huanhuan,et al.Analysis of the effects of fluid properties on the cavitation performance of a vortex hydraulic cavitation generator[J]. Machinery,2025,63(11):17-22.

胡碧荷,黄云龙,王健权,等.混合燃油在喷嘴内线空化流动特性及喷雾研究[J].内燃机学报,2025, 43(1):29-37.

Hu Bihe, Huang Yunlong, Wang Jianquan, et al. Study on the cavitation flow and spray characteristics of gasoline-diesel blends in nozzle[J].Transactions of CSICE,2025,43(1):29-37.

Huang Wei,Yang Yizhou,He Zhixia,et al.Experimental study on cavitation pattern and near-field spray characteristics of methanol in the scaled-up fuel injection nozzle [J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2026,171:111624.

Guo Genmiao,Bai Tianyang,He Zhixia,et al.Assessment of influences of needle lift and hole height on string cavitation in liquid injection [J].Fuel,2023, 347:128386.

Kim B,Park S.Study on in-nozzle flow and spray behavior characteristics under various needle positions and length-to-width ratios of nozzle orifice using a transparent acrylic nozzle [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2019,143:118478.

Chang Mengzhao,Park J,Kim B,et al.Effect of sacvolume on the relationship among ball behavior,injection and initial spray characteristics of ultra-high pressure GDI injector [J].Fuel,2021,285:119089.

Li Hongmei,Han Dan,Xu Shuohan,et al.Numerical investigation of the effects of nozzle geometry on internal cavitation flow and near-field spray [J].Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,2026,77:107541.

Molina S,Salvador F J,Carreres M,et al.A computational investigation on the influence of the use of elliptical orifices on the inner nozzle flow and cavitation development in diesel injector nozzles [J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,79 :114-127.

Salvador F J,Pastor J M,Gomez-soriano J,et al. Performance of elliptical nozzles on the spray dynamics of convergent and constant section nozzles by means of a Σ-Y coupled model [J].Fuel,2023,346:128259.

Ji Hailong,Li Ruichuan,Yuan Wentao,et al.CFDbased flow field study of triple-crossed elliptical injector nozzle [J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2025,106:102998.

Li Xiuneng,Cheng Xide,Hou Wenjiang,et al.Study on the coupling mechanism of nozzle structure-cavitation impact under submerged environment [J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2025,122:107632.

徐硕涵,赵凯,白天阳,等.喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析[J].西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(5):189-197.

Xu Shuohan,Zhao Kai,Bai Tianyang,et al.Parameters sensitivity analysis of injector performance with the effect of nozzle internal flows[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2025,59(5):189-197.

He Zhixia,Zhang Zhengyang,Guo Genmiao,et al. Visual experiment of transient cavitating flow characteristics in the real-size diesel injector nozzle [J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,78:13-20.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

喷孔直径对高压喷射喷嘴内甲醇流动及喷雾瞬态特性影响的可视化试验研究

喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析

喷孔长度对空化流动及空蚀特性影响研究

喷孔直径对高压喷射喷嘴内甲醇流动及喷雾瞬态特性影响的可视化试验研究

低乙醇配比的乙醇-柴油混合燃料空化特性试验