采用磁流体模型数值模拟直流限流熔断器燃弧特性的方法

王东宇; 项彬; 杜慧鑫; 刘志远; 耿英三; 王建华

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202611003

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采用磁流体模型数值模拟直流限流熔断器燃弧特性的方法

更新时间：2026-11-09

- 采用磁流体模型数值模拟直流限流熔断器燃弧特性的方法
- Numerical Simulation Method for Arcing Characteristics of Direct Current Current-Limiting Fuses Using a Magnetohydrodynamic Model
- 西安交通大学学报 2026年60卷第11期页码：23-34
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  王东宇（1998—），男，博士生；
  刘志远（通信作者），男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室资助项目(EIPE23309);陕西省科学技术厅重点研发计划资助项目(2025ZGJBGS-020)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202611003
  中图分类号： TM501
- 收稿：2026-03-11，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-31，
  
  纸质出版：2026-11-10
- 稿件说明：
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王东宇, 项彬, 杜慧鑫, 等. 采用磁流体模型数值模拟直流限流熔断器燃弧特性的方法[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报,2026,60 (11):23-34. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611003.

WANG Dongyu, XIANG Bin, DU Huixin, et al. Numerical Simulation Method for Arcing Characteristics of Direct Current Current-Limiting Fuses Using a Magnetohydrodynamic Model[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (11):23-34. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611003.
王东宇, 项彬, 杜慧鑫, 等. 采用磁流体模型数值模拟直流限流熔断器燃弧特性的方法[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报,2026,60 (11):23-34. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611003. DOI：

WANG Dongyu, XIANG Bin, DU Huixin, et al. Numerical Simulation Method for Arcing Characteristics of Direct Current Current-Limiting Fuses Using a Magnetohydrodynamic Model[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (11):23-34. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202611003. DOI：

摘要

为了深入研究石英砂直流限流熔断器的燃弧特性，赋能直流限流熔断器的研发应用，建立了单狭颈直流限流熔断器燃弧过程的二维轴对称磁流体动力学模型。该模型首先将流场、热场和电磁场多场耦合为二维轴对称模型；其次，搭建直流熔断器实验观测平台并采集熔断器燃弧电参数与边界压力特性，并将计算化学等离子体物性参数导入模型，以实验图像拍摄和残躯形态作为仿真几何模型与网格变化构建依据，以实验电流和压力测量结果作为仿真边界条件，仿真模型输出直流熔断器电弧在0～5.0 ms内，燃弧区域温度场、压力场云图和电弧电压随时间的变化情况。仿真与实验结果对比显示，预期峰值电流分别为2.0、3.0 kA，仿真弧压峰值相对实验弧压峰值误差分别为11.9%和6.8%。仿真起弧后2.90～4.62 ms，中心温度由19741.3 K降低至15546.6 K。仿真压力场显示起弧后1 ms时刻弧根位置压力可达0.29 MPa，显著高于其他位置。通过限制电弧径向发展并使其向轴向扩张、增大电弧压力、人工制造喷口结构等方法有助于提高直流熔断器开断能力。所提出的磁流体模型数值模拟方法为熔断器研发提供了高效的方法与工具，降低了研发成本。

Abstract

To comprehensively investigate the arcing characteristics of quartz sand direct current (DC) current-limiting fuses and facilitate their development and application

a two-dimensional axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model for the arcing process of a single narrow-neck DC current-limiting fuse is established.The model first couples the flow field

thermal field

and electromagnetic field into a two-dimensional axisymmetric model.Then

a DC fuse experimental observation platform was constructed to collect the arcing electrical parameters and boundary pressure characteristics of the fuse.The calculated plasma physical properties were imported into the model.The experimental images and the morphology of the post-arcing residue were used as the basis for constructing the simulation geometric model and dynamic mesh

while the measured current and pressure were applied as the simulation boundary conditions.The model yields the spatio-temporal evolution of the temperature and pressure fields in the arcing region

as well as the transient arc voltage within the first 5.0 ms. The comparison between simulation and experimental results shows that at prospective peak currents of 2.0 kA and 3.0 kA

the errors of the simulated peak arc voltage relative to the experimental peak arc voltage are 11.9% and 6.8%

respectively.During the period from 2.90 to 4.62 ms after arc initiation

the simulated central temperature decreases from 19741.3 K to 15546.6 K.The simulated pressure field shows that at 1 ms after arc initiation

the pressure at the arc root can reach 0.29 MPa

which is significantly higher than that at other positions.Further analysis indicates that methods such as restricting the radial development of the arc to promote its axial expansion

increasing the arc pressure

and introducing artificial nozzle structures can help improve the breaking capacity of DC fuses.The proposed MHD-based numerical simulation approach provides an efficient tool for fuse research and development

thereby reducing associated costs.

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references

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