面向虚拟电厂优化运行的多类型储能动态聚合协同调度技术综述

葛磊蛟; 王宇宁; 路茹博; 孟周越; 卓岳; 吴宇阳

doi:null

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

面向虚拟电厂优化运行的多类型储能动态聚合协同调度技术综述

更新时间：2026-08-26

- 面向虚拟电厂优化运行的多类型储能动态聚合协同调度技术综述
- Review of Dynamic Aggregation and Coordinated Scheduling Technologies for Multi-type Energy Storage Oriented to Optimized Operation of Virtual Power Plants
- 西安交通大学学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院，300072，天津
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  中图分类号： TM763
- 收稿：2026-05-31，
  
  修回：2026-08-11，
  
  录用：2026-08-26，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
葛磊蛟, 王宇宁, 路茹博, 等. 面向虚拟电厂优化运行的多类型储能动态聚合协同调度技术综述[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2026.

GE Leijiao, WANG Yuning, LU Rubo, et al. Review of Dynamic Aggregation and Coordinated Scheduling Technologies for Multi-type Energy Storage Oriented to Optimized Operation of Virtual Power Plants[J]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2026.
葛磊蛟, 王宇宁, 路茹博, 等. 面向虚拟电厂优化运行的多类型储能动态聚合协同调度技术综述[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2026. DOI：

GE Leijiao, WANG Yuning, LU Rubo, et al. Review of Dynamic Aggregation and Coordinated Scheduling Technologies for Multi-type Energy Storage Oriented to Optimized Operation of Virtual Power Plants[J]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2026. DOI：

摘要

运行特性各异的多类型储能是支撑虚拟电厂优化运行的关键和当前研究热点，种类多样的设备和多运行目标之间动态协同难、时间尺度差异大等技术瓶颈已成为共识。为此，本文系统梳理该领域研究进展，以虚拟电厂、多类型储能、动态聚合、不确定性建模、优化调度、协同调度和多市场交易等为主题，对2012—2026年国内外代表性文献进行归纳分析，并重点关注2019年以来虚拟电厂储能聚合建模、源荷储协同优化、多时间尺度调度及智能算法应用等方面的研究成果；主要遵循主题相关性、方法代表性、研究时效性和工程参考价值原则，并参考政策文件、综述论文、建模方法、优化调度和算法应用等相关成果。区别于已有侧重虚拟电厂运行调度、储能优化配置或新能源不确定性处理的综述，本文聚焦多类型储能“动态聚合—场景建模—协同调度—算法求解”的内在关联，系统分析了不同储能技术在运行特性和应用场景方面的差异，以及虚拟电厂中多类型储能动态聚合模型结构、机制和算法。进一步地，从确定性与不确定性两个层面总结了高比例新能源接入下虚拟电厂的典型场景建模方法，重点比较了随机规划、鲁棒优化、区间规划等不确定性建模技术的适用特点。同时，归纳总结了多类型储能支撑虚拟电厂优化调度的目标函数构建、约束条件设置及模型结构设计方法，并对现有求解算法进行了分类评述，以期为提高储能技术在以经济、灵活和低碳运行为目标的虚拟电厂应用提供一定的借鉴。

Abstract

Multi-type energy storage systems with heterogeneous operational characteristics are a key enabling technology and a current research focus for the optimized operation of virtual power plants. It has been widely recognized that technical bottlenecks

such as the difficulty of achieving dynamic coordination among diverse devices and multiple operational objectives

as well as significant differences in time scales

remain major challenges. To systematically review the research progress in this field

this paper summarizes and analyzes representative domestic and international studies published from 2012 to 2026

focusing on topics including virtual power plants

multi-type energy storage

dynamic aggregation

uncertainty modeling

optimal scheduling

coordinated scheduling

and multi-market trading. Particular attention is paid to studies published since 2019 on energy storage aggregation modeling in virtual power plants

source-load-storage coordinated optimization

multi-time-scale scheduling

and intelligent algorithm applications. The literature selection mainly follows the principles of thematic relevance

methodological representativeness

research timeliness

and engineering reference value

and includes policy documents

review papers

modeling methods

optimal scheduling studies

and algorithm application studies. Different from existing reviews that mainly focus on virtual power plant operation scheduling

energy storage optimal configuration

or renewable energy uncertainty handling

this paper further emphasizes the internal relationship among “dynamic aggregation - scenario modeling - coordinated scheduling - algorithmic solution” for multi-type energy storage. The differences among various energy storage technologies in terms of operational characteristics and application scenarios are systematically analyzed

together with the structures

mechanisms and algorithms of dynamic aggregation models for multi-type energy storage in virtual power plants. Furthermore

typical scenario modeling methods for virtual power plants under high-proportion renewable energy integration are summarized from both deterministic and uncertain perspectives

with emphasis on comparing the applicability of uncertainty modeling techniques such as stochastic programming

robust optimization

and interval programming. Meanwhile

the construction of objective functions

the formulation of constraints

and the design of model structures for optimal scheduling of virtual power plants supported by multi-type energy storage are summarized

and existing solution algorithms are classified and reviewed. This study is expected to provide useful references for promoting the application of energy storage technologies in virtual power plants oriented toward economic

flexible

and low-carbon operation.

关键词

Keywords

references

国家发展改革委，国家能源局。关于加快推进虚拟电厂发展的指导意见 [R ] . 发改能源〔2025〕357 号。北京：国家发展改革委，2025.National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration. Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Virtual Power Plants [R ] . Development and Reform Energy [2025 ] No. 357 . Beijing: National Development and Reform Commission, 2025.

余晓丹 , 徐宪东 , 陈硕翼 , 等 . 综合能源系统与能源互联网简述 [J ] . 电工技术学报 , 2016 , 31 ( 01 ): 1 - 13 . DOI: 10.19595/ j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2016.01.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2016.01.002 .

YU XIAODAN , XU XIANDONG , CHEN SHUOYI , et al . Overview of Integrated Energy Systems and Energy Internet [J ] . Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology , 2016 , 31 ( 01 ): 1 - 13 . DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces. 2016.01.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2016.01.002 .

刘方 , 陈祥洲 , 周江昕 , 等 . 考虑数据中心共享储能与计算负荷时空迁移特性的虚拟电厂优化运行方法 [J/OL ] . 电网技术 , 1 - 17 [ 2026-02-03 ] . https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2025.0747 https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2025.0747 .

LIU F , CHEN XZ , ZHOU JX , et al . Optimal operation method of virtual power plant considering the spatiotemporal migration characteristics of shared energy storage and computing load in data centers [J/OL ] . Power Grid Technology , 1 - 17 [ 2026-02-03 ] . https://doi.org/ 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2025.0747 https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2025.0747 .

袁桂丽 , 王宝源 . 含电动汽车的虚拟电厂经济性优化调度 [J ] . 太阳能学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 08 ): 2395 - 2404 . DOI: 10.19912/ j.0254-0096.2019.08.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.2019.08.040 .

YUAN GUILI , WANG BAOYUAN . Economic optimization scheduling of virtual power plants including electric vehicles [J ] . Journal of Solar Energy , 2019 , 40 ( 08 ): 2395 - 2404 . DOI: 10.19912/ j.0254-0096. 2019.08.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.2019.08.040 .

吕梦璇，娄素华，刘建琴，等 . 含高比例风电的虚拟电厂多类型备用协调优化 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报， 2018 ， 38 ( 10 ): 2874 - 2882+3138 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.171724 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.171724 .

LV MENGXUAN , LOU SUHUA , LIU JIANQIN , et al . Multi-type reserve coordination optimization of virtual power plants with high proportion of wind power [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2018 , 38 ( 10 ): 2874 - 2882+3138 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013. pcsee.171724 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.171724 .

ASMUS P . Microgrids, virtual power plants and our distributed energy future [J ] . The Electricity Journal , 2010 , 23 ( 10 ): 72 - 82 .

孙惠娟 , 蒙锦辉 , 彭春华 . 风–光–水–碳捕集多区域虚拟电厂协调优化调度 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2019 , 43 ( 11 ): 4040 - 4051 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2018.2460 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2018.2460 .

SUN HUIJUAN , MENG JINHUI , PENG CHUNHUA . Coordinated optimization scheduling of wind-solar-hydro-carbon capture multi-regional virtual power plants [J ] . Power Grid Technology , 2019 , 43 ( 11 ): 4040 - 4051 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2018.2460 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2018.2460 .

刘方 , 徐耀杰 , 杨秀 , 等 . 考虑电能交互共享的虚拟电厂集群多时间尺度协调运行策略 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2022 , 46 ( 02 ): 642 - 656 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0491 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0491 .

LIU F , XU YJ , YANG X , et al . Multi-time-scale coordinated operation strategy for virtual power plant clusters considering energy interaction and sharing [J ] . Power Grid Technology , 2022 , 46 ( 02 ): 642 - 656 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0491 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0491 .

李嘉媚 , 艾芊 , 殷爽睿 . 虚拟电厂参与调峰调频服务的市场机制与国外经验借鉴 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2022 , 42 ( 01 ): 37 - 56 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.202152 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.202152 .

LI JIAMAI , AI QIAN , YIN SHUANGRUI . Market Mechanism and International Experience Reference for Virtual Power Plants Participating in Peak and Frequency Regulation Services [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2022 , 42 ( 01 ): 37 - 56 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258- 8013.pcsee.202152 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.202152 .

GUO H , CHEN Q , XIA Q , et al . Modeling strategic behaviors of renewable energy with joint consideration on energy and tradable green certificate markets [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2019 , 35 ( 3 ): 1898 - 1910 .

CAO J , YANG D , DEHGHANIAN P . Cooperative operation for multiple virtual power plants considering energy-carbon trading: A Nash bargaining model [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 307 : 132813 .

CARDOSO G , STADLER M , MASHAYEKH S , et al . The impact of ancillary services in optimal DER investment decisions [J ] . Energy , 2017 , 130 : 99 - 112 .

MALIK F H , HUSSAIN G A , ALSMADI Y M S , et al . Integrating energy storage technologies with renewable energy sources: A pathway toward sustainable power grids [J ] . Sustainability , 2025 , 17 ( 9 ): 4097 .

ZHOU Y , WU S , DENG Y , et al . Enhancing virtual power plant efficiency: three-stage optimization with energy storage integration [J ] . Energy Informatics , 2025 , 8 ( 1 ): 23 .

XU Y , LIAO Y , KUANG S , et al . Virtual Power Plant Optimization Process Under the Electricity–Carbon– Certificate Multi-Market: A Case Study in Southern China [J ] . Processes , 2025 , 13 ( 7 ): 2148 .

The virtual utility: Accounting, technology & competitive aspects of the emerging industry [M ] . Springer Science & Business Media , 2012 .

王宣元 , 刘敦楠 , 刘蓁 , 等 . 泛在电力物联网下虚拟电厂运营机制及关键技术 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2019 , 43 ( 09 ): 3175 - 3183 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.1185 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.1185 .

WANG XUAN-YUAN , LIU DUN-NAN , LIU ZHEN , et al . Operational Mechanism and Key Technologies of Virtual Power Plants under Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things [J ] . Power Grid Technology , 2019 , 43 ( 09 ): 3175 - 3183 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.1185 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.1185 .

LIU J , HU H , YU S S , et al . Virtual power plant with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems for sustainable power grid-formation, control techniques and demand response [J ] . Energies , 2023 , 16 ( 9 ): 3705 .

WU K , GU J , MENG L , et al . An explainable framework for load forecasting of a regional integrated energy system based on coupled features and multi-task learning [J ] . Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems , 2022 , 7 ( 2 ): 1 - 14 .

朱继忠 , 熊小伏 , 刘乔波 , 等 . 现货市场下计及风光联合预测误差的经济调度 [J ] . 太阳能学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 05 ): 450 - 458 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2018-0592 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2018-0592 .

ZHU JIZHONG , XIONG XIAOFU , LIU QIAOBO , et al . Economic dispatching considering the joint forecasting error of wind and solar power in the spot market [J ] . Journal of Solar Energy , 2021 , 42 ( 05 ): 450 - 458 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096. tynxb.2018-0592 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2018-0592 .

田晶京 , 李安乐 , 高锋阳 , 等 . 含光伏发电和时变负荷的主动配电网孤岛划分 [J ] . 太阳能学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 09 ): 125 - 131 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2019-0985 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2019-0985 .

TIAN JINGJING , LI ANLE , GAO FENGYANG , et al . Islanding division of active distribution networks with photovoltaic power generation and time-varying loads [J ] . Journal of Solar Energy , 2021 , 42 ( 09 ): 125 - 131 . DOI: 10.19912/ j.0254-0096.tynxb.2019-0985 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2019-0985 .

杨宏基 , 周明 , 武昭原 , 等 . 含光热电站的电-热能源系统优化运行机制 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2022 , 46 ( 01 ): 175 - 185 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0825 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0825 .

YANG HONGJI , ZHOU MING , WU ZHAOYUAN , et al . Optimization mechanism of the electric-thermal energy system in the Hanguang thermal power station [J ] . Power Grid Technology , 2022 , 46 ( 01 ): 175 - 185 . DOI: 10.13335/ j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0825 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.0825 .

ALIPOUR M , MOHAMMADI-IVATLOO B , ZARE K . Stochastic scheduling of renewable and CHP-based microgrids [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , 2015 , 11 ( 5 ): 1049 - 1058 .

魏繁荣 , 随权 , 林湘宁 , 等 . 考虑可转移负荷效率的风/光/柴/蓄孤岛微网日运行能量控制优化策略 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2018 , 38 ( 04 ): 1045 - 1053+1281 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258- 8013.pcsee.162499 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162499 .

WEI FANRONG , SUI QUAN , LIN XIANGNING , et al . Optimization strategy for daily operation energy control of wind/solar/coal/accumulation island microgrids considering transferable load efficiency [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2018 , 38 ( 04 ): 1045 - 1053+1281 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162499 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162499 .

杨裕生 . 发展化学储能有助于解决弃风、弃光难题 [J ] . 电力设备管理 , 2020 ,( 03 ): 23 - 24 .

YANG YUSHENG . Developing chemical energy storage to address wind and solar curtailment [J ] . Power Equipment Management , 2020 , ( 03 ): 23 - 24 .

张国斌 , 陈玥 , 张佳辉 , 等 . 风-光-水-火-抽蓄联合发电系统日前优化调度研究 [J ] . 太阳能学报 , 2020 , 41 ( 08 ): 79 - 85 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.2020.08.011 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.2020.08.011 .

ZHANG GUOBIN , CHEN YUE , ZHANG JIAHUI , et al . Research on day-ahead optimization scheduling of wind-solar-hydro-thermal-pumped storage combined power generation system [J ] . Journal of Solar Energy , 2020 , 41 ( 08 ): 79 - 85 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.2020.08.011 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.2020.08.011 .

潘光胜 , 顾伟 , 张会岩 , 等 . 面向高比例可再生能源消纳的电氢能源系统 [J ] . 电力系统自动化 , 2020 , 44 ( 23 ): 1 - 10 .

PAN GUANGSHENG , GU WEI , ZHANG HUIYAN , et al . A power-hydrogen energy system for high renewable energy consumption [J ] . Power System Automation , 2020 , 44 ( 23 ): 1 - 10 .

LIU Z , WU Q , HUANG S , et al . Optimal day-ahead charging scheduling of electric vehicles through an aggregative game model [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2017 , 9 ( 5 ): 5173 - 5184 .

赵海彭 , 苗世洪 , 李超 , 等 . 考虑冷热电需求耦合响应特性的园区综合能源系统优化运行策略研究 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2022 , 42 ( 02 ): 573 - 589 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013. pcsee.201942 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.201942 .

ZHAO HAIPENG , MIAO SHIHONG , LI CHAO , et al . Research on the Optimization Operation Strategy of Integrated Energy Systems in Industrial Parks Considering the Coupled Response Characteristics of Cold, Heat, and Power Demand [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2022 , 42 ( 02 ): 573 - 589 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013. pcsee. 201942 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.201942 .

DONG Z , ZHANG Z , HUANG M , et al . Research on day-ahead optimal dispatching of virtual power plants considering the coordinated operation of diverse flexible loads and new energy [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 297 : 131235 .

谢石骁 , 杨莉 , 李丽娜 . 基于机会约束规划的混合储能优化配置方法 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2012 , 36 ( 05 ): 79 - 84 . DOI: 10.13335/ j.1000-3673.pst.2012.05.036.XIE SHIXIAO http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2012.05.036.XIESHIXIAO ,

YANG LI , LI LINA . Optimal configuration method for hybrid energy storage based on opportunity constrained programming [J ] . Power Grid Technology , 2012 , 36 ( 05 ): 79 - 84 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000- 3673.pst.2012.05.036 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2012.05.036 .

刘海涛 , 许伦 , 郝思鹏 , 等 . 基于配电网分区的分布式混合储能优化方法 [J ] . 电力自动化设备 , 2020 , 40 ( 05 ): 137 - 145 . DOI: 10.16081/j.epae.202004009 http://dx.doi.org/10.16081/j.epae.202004009 .

LIU HAITAO , XU LUN , HAO SIPENG , et al . Optimization method for distributed hybrid energy storage based on distribution network zoning [J ] . Power Automation Equipment , 2020 , 40 ( 05 ): 137 - 145 . DOI: 10.16081/j.epae.202004009 http://dx.doi.org/10.16081/j.epae.202004009 .

CAVAZZINI G , BENATO A , PAVESI G , et al . Techno-economic benefits deriving from optimal scheduling of a Virtual Power Plant: Pumped hydro combined with wind farms [J ] . Journal of Energy Storage , 2021 , 37 : 102461 .

HOU H , CHEN Y , LIU P , et al . Multisource energy storage system optimal dispatch among electricity hydrogen and heat networks from the energy storage operator prospect [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications , 2021 , 58 ( 2 ): 2825 - 2835 .

PULAZZA G , ZHANG N , KANG C Q , et al . Transmission planning with battery-based energy storage transportation for power systems with high penetration of renewable energy [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2021 , 36 ( 6 ): 4928 - 4940 .

ZHANG R , HREDZAK B , FLETCHER J . Dynamic aggregation of energy storage systems into virtual power plants using distributed real-time clustering algorithm [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics , 2020 , 68 ( 11 ): 11002 - 11013 .

MOGHADAM M , GHAFFARZADEH N , TAHMASEBI M , et al . Virtual power plant management with hybrid energy storage system [J ] . Unconventional Resources , 2025 , 5 : 100107 .

LI Q , ZHOU Y , WEI F , et al . Multi-time scale scheduling for virtual power plants: Integrating the flexibility of power generation and multi-user loads while considering the capacity degradation of energy storage systems [J ] . Applied Energy , 2024 , 362 : 122980 .

GE X , WANG G , WANG F . Optimal day-ahead dispatching strategy for VPP using dynamic grouping DER aggregation method based on improved virtual battery model [J ] . Energy , 2025 , 326 : 136166 .

ZHANG R , HREDZAK B . Distributed dynamic clustering algorithm for formation of heterogeneous virtual power plants based on power requirements [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2020 , 12 ( 1 ): 192 - 204 .

DING Z , LI Y , ZHANG K , et al . Two-stage dynamic aggregation involving flexible resource composition and coordination based on submodular optimization [J ] . Applied Energy , 2024 , 360 : 122829 .

ZHAO H , WANG B , WANG X , et al . Active dynamic aggregation model for distributed integrated energy system as virtual power plant [J ] . Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy , 2020 , 8 ( 5 ): 831 - 840 .

LIU X , LI Y , WANG L , et al . Dynamic aggregation strategy for a virtual power plant to improve flexible regulation ability [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 297 : 131261 .

MENG H , JIA H , XU T , et al . Internal pricing driven dynamic aggregation of virtual power plant with energy storage systems [J ] . Energy , 2025 , 321 : 135470 .

TENG X , ZHENG T , CAO J , et al . Dynamic Aggregation of Multiple Flexible Resources in Virtual Power Plants to Meet Diverse Frequency Control Requirements [J ] . IET Generation , Transmission & Distribution, 2025 , 19 ( 1 ): e70063 .

ZHAO J , SONGHUAI D , DONG M , et al . A novel aggregation method for virtual power plant based on virtual contribution theory and community detection algorithm [J ] . Energy Reports , 2025 , 13 : 3265 - 3278 .

DU Y , GUO L , YANG X , et al . A Virtual Power Plant Construction Method Considering Dynamic Aggregation of Discrete Distributed Resources [C ] // 2022 4th International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES) . IEEE , 2022 : 2295 - 2300 .

MÜLLER F L , SZABÓ J , SUNDSTRÖM O , et al . Aggregation and disaggregation of energetic flexibility from distributed energy resources [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2017 , 10 ( 2 ): 1205 - 1214 .

WANG S , WU W . Aggregate flexibility of virtual power plants with temporal coupling constraints [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2021 , 12 ( 6 ): 5043 - 5051 .

CHEN L , TANG Z , HE S , et al . Feasible operation region estimation of virtual power plant considering heterogeneity and uncertainty of distributed energy resources [J ] . Applied Energy , 2024 , 362 : 123000 .

LU X , QIU J , ZHANG C , et al . Assembly and competition for virtual power plants with multiple ESPs through a “recruitment–participation” approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2023 , 39 ( 2 ): 4382 - 4396 .

ESFAHANI M , ALIZADEH A , CAO B , et al . Virtual power plant formation strategy based on Stackelberg game: A three-step data-driven voltage regulation coordination scheme [J ] . Applied Energy , 2025 , 377 : 124355 .

DONG M , SU J , CAO Q , et al . Dynamic aggregation strategy for two-way selection between distributed energy resources and virtual power plants based on evolutionary game [J ] . Energy , 2026 : 141046 .

刘光宇 , 韩东升 , 刘超杰 , 等 . 考虑双重需求响应及阶梯型碳交易的综合能源系统双时间尺度优化调度 [J ] . 电力自动化设备 , 2023 , 43 ( 05 ): 218 - 225 . DOI: 10.16081/j.epae.20221 0008 http://dx.doi.org/10.16081/j.epae.202210008 .

LIU GUANGYU , HAN DONGSHENG , LIU CHAOJIE , et al . Dual-time-scale optimization scheduling of integrated energy systems considering dual demand response and tiered carbon trading [J ] . Power Automation Equipment , 2023 , 43 ( 05 ): 218 - 225 . DOI: 10.16081/j.epae.20221 0008 http://dx.doi.org/10.16081/j.epae.202210008 .

白雪岩 , 樊艳芳 , 王天生 , 等 . 计及可再生能源可靠性的虚拟电厂动态聚合方法 [J ] . 电力自动化设备 , 2022 , 42 ( 7 ): 102 - 110 .

BAI XUEYAN , FAN YANFANG , WANG TIANSHENG , et al . Dynamic aggregation method for virtual power plants considering renewable energy reliability [J ] . Power Automation Equipment , 2022 , 42 ( 7 ): 102 - 110 .

赵冬梅 , 殷加玞 . 考虑源荷双侧不确定性的模糊随机机会约束优先目标规划调度模型 [J ] . 电工技术学报 , 2018 , 33 ( 05 ): 1076 - 1085 . DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.170087 http://dx.doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.170087 .

ZHAO DONGMEI , YIN JIAFU . A fuzzy stochastic opportunity-constrained priority goal programming model considering bilateral uncertainty of source and load [J ] . Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology , 2018 , 33 ( 05 ): 1076 - 1085 . DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753. tces.170087 http://dx.doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.170087 .

ZHOU Y , ZHAI Q , XU Z , et al . Multi-stage adaptive stochastic-robust scheduling method with affine decision policies for hydrogen-based multi-energy microgrid [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2023 , 15 ( 3 ): 2738 - 2750 .

XIAO D , LIN Z , CHEN H , et al . Windfall profit-aware stochastic scheduling strategy for industrial virtual power plant with integrated risk-seeking/averse preferences [J ] . Applied energy , 2024 , 357 : 122460 .

RAHIMIYAN M , BARINGO L . Strategic bidding for a virtual power plant in the day-ahead and real-time markets: A price-taker robust optimization approach [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2015 , 31 ( 4 ): 2676 - 2687 .

FENG J , RAN L , WANG Z , et al . Optimal energy scheduling of virtual power plant integrating electric vehicles and energy storage systems under uncertainty [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 309 : 132988 .

WANG S , YUAN S . Interval optimization for integrated electrical and natural-gas systems with power to gas considering uncertainties [J ] . International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems , 2020 , 119 : 105906 .

LI Z L , PENG X G , CUI W B , et al . A novel scenario generation method of renewable energy using improved VAEGAN with controllable interpretable features [J ] . Applied Energy , 2024 , 363 : 122905 .

李东东 , 王啸林 , 沈运帷 , 等 . 考虑多重不确定性的含需求响应及电碳交易的虚拟电厂优化调度策略 [J ] . 电力自动化设备 , 2023 , 43 ( 05 ): 210 - 217+251 . DOI: 10.16081/j.epae.2023 03024 http://dx.doi.org/10.16081/j.epae.202303024 .

LI D , WANG X , SHEN Y , et al . Optimal dispatch strategy for virtual power plants considering multiple uncertainties with demand response and electricity-carbon trading [J ] . Power Automation Equipment , 2023 , 43 ( 05 ): 210 - 217+251 . DOI: 10.16081/j. epae.202303024 http://dx.doi.org/10.16081/j.epae.202303024 .

ZHANG X , CHEN Z , MA Z , et al . Study on electricity market trading system adapting to renewable portfolio standard [J ] . Power Syst. Technol , 2019 , 43 ( 8 ): 2682 - 2690 .

CAO J , YANG D , DEHGHANIAN P . Cooperative operation for multiple virtual power plants considering energy-carbon trading: A Nash bargaining model [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 307 : 132813 .

ZHANG Y , WU Q , REN H , et al . Optimal operation of multi-microgrid systems considering multi-level energy-certificate-carbon coupling trading [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2024 , 227 : 120505 .

张宁 , 杨凌霄 , 李炫浓 , 等 . 基于分层深度强化学习的多能虚拟电厂区域消纳优化策略 [J ] . 电力系统保护与控制 , 2025 , 53 ( 20 ): 153 - 163 . DOI: 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.241453 http://dx.doi.org/10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.241453 .

ZHANG NING , YANG LINGXIAO , LI XUANNONG , et al . Regional consumption optimization strategy for multi-energy virtual power plants based on hierarchical deep reinforcement learning [J ] . Power System Protection and Control , 2025 , 53 ( 20 ): 153 - 163 . DOI: 10.19783/j.cnki. pspc.241453 http://dx.doi.org/10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.241453 .

WANG C , WANG H , JI X , et al . Hybrid energy storage capacity configuration strategy for virtual power plants based on variable-ratio natural gas-hydrogen blending [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 , 58 : 433 - 445 .

ZHONG J , HE L , LI C , et al . Coordinated control for large-scale EV charging facilities and energy storage devices participating in frequency regulation [J ] . Applied Energy , 2014 , 123 ( 15 ): 253 - 262 .

周任军 , 孙洪 , 唐夏菲 , 等 . 双碳量约束下风电–碳捕集虚拟电厂低碳经济调度 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2018 , 38 ( 6 ): 1675 - 1683 .

ZHOU RENJUN , SUN HONG , TANG XIAFEI , et al . Low-carbon economic dispatch of wind power–carbon capture virtual power plants under dual carbon constraints [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2018 , 38 ( 6 ): 1675 - 1683 .

LI S , GONG W , HU C , et al . Adaptive constraint differential evolution for optimal power flow [J ] . Energy , 2021 , 235 : 121362 .

王佳惠 , 牛玉广 , 陈玥 , 等 . 计及火电深度调峰的高比例可再生能源电力系统日前优化调度研究 [J ] . 太阳能学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 01 ): 493 - 499 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0868.WANG J http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0868.WANGJ ,

NIU Y , CHEN Y , et al . Research on Day-ahead Optimization Scheduling for High-Proportion Renewable Energy Power Systems Incorporating Deep Peak Shaving in Thermal Power Plants [J ] . Journal of Solar Energy , 2023 , 44 ( 01 ): 493 – 499 . DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0868 http://dx.doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0868 .

周亦洲 , 孙国强 , 黄文进 , 等 . 多区域虚拟电厂综合能源协调调度优化模型 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 23 ): 6780 - 6790 .

ZHOU YIZHOU , SUN GUOQIANG , HUANG WENJIN , et al . Integrated energy coordination and dispatching optimization model for multi-regional virtual power plants [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2017 , 37 ( 23 ): 6780 - 6790 .

张忠 , 刘玥 , 石智豪 . 储能的竞价策略及电力市场出清方法研究 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2023 , 47 ( 11 ): 4555 - 4563 .

ZHANG Z , LIU Y , SHI Z . Research on Bidding Strategies for Energy Storage and Electricity Market Clearing Methods [J ] . Grid Technology , 2023 , 47 ( 11 ): 4555 - 4563 .

闫涛 , 渠展展 , 惠东 , 等 . 含规模化电池储能系统的商业型虚拟电厂经济性分析 [J ] . 电力系统自动化 , 2014 , 38 ( 17 ): 98 - 104 .

YAN TAO , QU ZHANZHAN , HUI DONG , et al . Economic Analysis of Commercial Virtual Power Plants with Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems [J ] . Power System Automation , 2014 , 38 ( 17 ): 98 - 104 .

LU K , TANG K , DONG S , et al . Generalized-Nash- Equilibrium-Based Pareto Solution for Transmission- Distribution-Coupled Optimal Power Flow [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2023 , 39 ( 2 ): 4051 - 4063 .

贾东梨 , 任昭颖 , 刘科研 , 等 . 协调分布式发电商与负荷用户利益的综合能源站的优化运行 [J ] . 中国电力 , 2025 , 58 ( 12 ): 128 - 136 .

JIA D , REN Z , LIU K , et al . Optimization of integrated energy stations coordinating the interests between distributed generation operators and load users [J ] . China Electric Power , 2025 , 58 ( 12 ): 128 - 136 .

国家能源局 . 电力系统安全稳定导则 : GB 38755-2019 [S ] . 中国标准出版社 , 2019 .

National Energy Administration . Guidelines for Power System Safety and Stability : GB 38755-2019 [S ] . China Standards Press , 2019 .

全国电网运行与控制标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 446).电力系统电压和无功电力技术导则 : GB/T 40427-2021 [S ] . 中国标准出版社 , 2021 .

National Technical Committee for Standardization of Power Grid Operation and Control (SAC/TC 446 ) . Technical Guidelines for Voltage and Reactive Power in Power Systems : GB/T 40427-2021 [S ] . China Standards Press , 2021 .

中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 . 110kV～750kV架空输电线路设计规范 : GB 50545-2010 [S ] . 中国计划出版社 , 2010 .

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China . Design Code for 110 kV to 750 kV Overhead Transmission Lines : GB 50545-2010 [S ] . China Planning Press , 2010 .

WEI X , LIU J , XU Y , et al . Virtual power plants peer-to-peer energy trading in unbalanced distribution networks: A distributed robust approach against communication failures [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2023 , 15 ( 2 ): 2017 - 2029 .

JIANG T , WU C , HUANG T , et al . Optimal market participation of VPPs in TSO-DSO coordinated energy and flexibility markets [J ] . Applied Energy , 2024 , 360 : 122730 .

丁涛 , 黄雨涵 , 张洪基 , 等 . 基于等微增率并计及机组功率约束的火电机组最优负荷分配精确解 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 ( 04 ): 1446 - 1460 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.222537 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.222537 .

DING TAO , HUANG YUHAN , ZHANG HONGJI , et al . An exact solution for optimal load distribution of thermal power units based on equal incremental rates and considering unit power constraints [J ] . China Journal of Electrical Engineering , 2024 , 44 ( 04 ): 1446 - 1460 . DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.222537 http://dx.doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.222537 .

VAHEDIPOUR-DAHRAIE M , RASHIDIZADEH- KERMANI H , SHAFIE-KHAH M , et al . Risk-averse optimal energy and reserve scheduling for virtual power plants incorporating demand response programs [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2020 , 12 ( 2 ): 1405 - 1415 .

BABAZADEH V , SHAYEGHI H , JALILI-IRANI A , et al . Optimal demand response in virtual power plant using local/global service providers in interaction with energy storage systems [J ] . Journal of Cleaner Production , 2025 , 496 : 145058 .

GUO X , WANG L , REN D . Optimal scheduling model for virtual power plant combining carbon trading and green certificate trading [J ] . Energy , 2025 , 318 : 134750 .

SONG H , GU M , LIU C , et al . Multi-objective battery energy storage optimization for virtual power plant applications [J ] . Applied Energy , 2023 , 352 : 121860 .

匡熠 , 王秀丽 , 王建学 , 等 . 基于stackelberg博弈的虚拟电厂能源共享机制 [J ] . 电网技术 , 2020 , 44 ( 12 ): 4556 - 4564 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2020.0683 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2020.0683 .

KUANG YI , WANG XIULI , WANG JIANXUE , et al . Energy sharing mechanism of virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game [J ] . Power Grid Technology , 2020 , 44 ( 12 ): 4556 - 4564 . DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst. 2020.0683 http://dx.doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2020.0683 .

SHAFIEKHANI M , BADRI A , SHAFIE-KHAH M , et al . Strategic bidding of virtual power plant in energy markets: A bi-level multi-objective approach [J ] . International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems , 2019 , 113 : 208 - 219 .

张晋铭 , 欧阳森 , 吴晗 , 等 . 计及配电网可靠性和运行经济性的电网侧储能优化配置 [J ] . 电力自动化设备 , 2024 , 44 ( 7 ): 62 - 68 .

ZHANG JINMING , OUYANG SEN , WU HAN , et al . Optimal configuration of grid-side energy storage considering distribution network reliability and operational economy [J ] . Power Automation Equipment , 2024 , 44 ( 7 ): 62 - 68 .

YOON S J , RYU K S , KIM C , et al . Optimal bidding scheduling of virtual power plants using a dual-milp (mixed-integer linear programming) approach under a real-time energy market [J ] . Energies , 2024 , 17 ( 15 ): 3773 .

SAMAKOOSH H M , JAFARI-NOKANDI M , SHEIKHOLESLAMI A . Coordinated resource scheduling in a large scale virtual power plant considering demand response and energy storages [J ] . J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng , 2018 , 6 ( 1 ): 50 - 60 .

CONTE F , MASSUCCO S , SCHIAPPARELLI G P , et al . Day-ahead and intra-day planning of integrated BESS-PV systems providing frequency regulation [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2019 , 11 ( 3 ): 1797 - 1806 .

VAN DINTER J , REBENNACK S , KALLRATH J , et al . The unit commitment model with concave emissions costs: a hybrid benders’ decomposition with nonconvex master problems [J ] . Annals of Operations Research , 2013 , 210 ( 1 ): 361 - 386 .

杨娜 , 马龙腾 , 刘浩睿 , 等 . 考虑条件风险价值的含EV虚拟电厂主从博弈优化调度 [J ] . 综合智慧能源 , 2025 , 47 ( 09 ): 80 - 88 .

YANG N , MA L , LIU HR , et al . Optimal scheduling of virtual power plants with EVs in master-slave game considering conditional risk value [J ] . Comprehensive Smart Energy , 2025 , 47 ( 09 ): 80 - 88 .

CHEN G , LI J . A fully distributed ADMM-based dispatch approach for virtual power plant problems [J ] . Applied Mathematical Modelling , 2018 , 58 : 300 - 312 .

ZHAO W , ZENG T , LIU Z , et al . Automatic generation control in a distributed power grid based on multi-step reinforcement learning [J ] . Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems , 2024 , 9 ( 4 ): 39 - 50 .

梁绥东 . 面向虚拟电厂的储能运行优化与可调节资源协同调度研究 [J ] . 电网与清洁能源 , 2025 , 41 ( 09 ): 27 - 36 . DOI: 10.26963/j.psce.2025.09004.LIANG SUIDONG. Research on Energy Storage Operation Optimization and Regulated Resources Coordinated Scheduling for Virtual Power Plants http://dx.doi.org/10.26963/j.psce.2025.09004.LIANGSUIDONG.ResearchonEnergyStorageOperationOptimizationandRegulatedResourcesCoordinatedSchedulingforVirtualPowerPlants [J ] . Power Grid and Clean Energy, 2025, 41 ( 09 ): 27 - 36 . DOI: 10.26963/j.psce.2025.09004 http://dx.doi.org/10.26963/j.psce.2025.09004 .

LAMARI M , AMRANE Y , BOUDOUR M , et al . Multi‐objective economic/emission optimal energy management system for scheduling micro‐grid integrated virtual power plant [J ] . Energy Science & Engineering , 2022 , 10 ( 8 ): 3057 - 3074 .

BORISOOT K , LIEMTHONG R , SRITHAPON C , et al . Optimal energy management for virtual power plant considering operation and degradation costs of energy storage system and generators [J ] . Energies , 2023 , 16 ( 6 ): 2862 .

刘雨佳 , 樊艳芳 . 计及5G基站储能和技术节能措施的虚拟电厂调度优化策略 [J ] . 电力系统及其自动化学报 , 2022 , 34 ( 01 ): 8 - 15 . DOI: 10.19635/j.cnki.csu-epsa.000809 http://dx.doi.org/10.19635/j.cnki.csu-epsa.000809 .

LIU YUJIA , FAN YANFANG . Optimization strategy for virtual power plant dispatching considering 5G base station energy storage and technical energy-saving measures [J ] . Journal of Electric Power System and Automation , 2022 , 34 ( 01 ): 8 - 15 . DOI: 10.19635/j.cnki.csu-epsa.000809 http://dx.doi.org/10.19635/j.cnki.csu-epsa.000809 .

闫群民 , 董新洲 , 穆佳豪 , 等 . 基于改进多目标粒子群算法的有源配电网储能优化配置 [J ] . 电力系统保护与控制 , 2022 , 50 ( 10 ): 11 - 19 .

YAN QUNMIN , DONG XINZHOU , MU JIAHAO , et al . Optimization of Energy Storage Configuration in Active Distribution Networks Based on Improved Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization [J ] . Power System Protection and Control , 2022 , 50 ( 10 ): 11 - 19 .

XUE L , ZHANG Y , WANG J , et al . Privacy-preserving multi-level co-regulation of VPPs via hierarchical safe deep reinforcement learning [J ] . Applied Energy , 2024 , 371 : 123654 .

FENG B , LIU Z , HUANG G , et al . Robust federated deep reinforcement learning for optimal control in multiple virtual power plants with electric vehicles [J ] . Applied Energy , 2023 , 349 : 121615 .

OCHOA T , GIL E , ANGULO A , et al . Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning for efficient multi-timescale bidding of a hybrid power plant in day-ahead and real-time markets [J ] . Applied Energy , 2022 , 317 : 119067 .

FALABRETTI D , GULOTTA F , SIFACE D . Scheduling and operation of RES-based virtual power plants with e-mobility: A novel integrated stochastic model [J ] . International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems , 2023 , 144 : 108604 .

WENSI C , SHUO W , CHAO M , et al . Research on Optimal Scheduling of VPP Based on Latin Hypercube Sampling and K-Means Clustering [J ] . Frontiers in Energy Research , 2022 , 10 : 848805 .

HARSH P , SUN H , DAS D , et al . Stochastic Incentive-based Demand Response Program for Virtual Power Plant with Distributed Energy Resources [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications , 2025 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

采用分割一切模型的弱监督互学习三维医学图像配准方法

煤与城市污泥超临界水共气化的动力学研究

光合细菌耐铵突变株的构建与产氢特性研究

超临界流体换热可视化实验研究进展

电力变压器绝缘垫块黏弹性本构模型构建及参数辨识