Experimental Investigation of Cavitating Flow of Liquid Nitrogen in a Sudden Expansion Micro-Clearance

WANG Zhen; YAN Shaohang; GAO Yuzhuo; CUI Zhenhao; LAI Tianwei; HOU Yu

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202610018

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Experimental Investigation of Cavitating Flow of Liquid Nitrogen in a Sudden Expansion Micro-Clearance

更新时间：2026-09-29

- Experimental Investigation of Cavitating Flow of Liquid Nitrogen in a Sudden Expansion Micro-Clearance
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 209-219(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学绿色氢电全国重点实验室，710049，西安
  西安交通大学深低温技术与装备教育部重点实验室，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202610018
  CLC： TB655
- Received：14 January 2026，
  
  Online First：09 May 2026，
  
  Published：10 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
WANG Zhen, YAN Shaohang, GAO Yuzhuo, et al. Experimental Investigation of Cavitating Flow of Liquid Nitrogen in a Sudden Expansion Micro-Clearance[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (10):209-219. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202610018.
DOI：

WANG Zhen, YAN Shaohang, GAO Yuzhuo, et al. Experimental Investigation of Cavitating Flow of Liquid Nitrogen in a Sudden Expansion Micro-Clearance[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (10):209-219. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202610018. DOI：

摘要

针对螺旋槽液体自润滑轴承微间隙内的结构突变易引发空化效应，进而影响自润滑流体流动特性的问题，搭建了突扩微间隙低温热敏介质空化流动可视化实验系统，旨在揭示突扩结构对低温空化流动机制的影响。通过实验研究分析了背压、来流压力和间隙高度对突扩微间隙内，液氮空化形态演变和温度压力特性的影响。研究结果表明：无量纲背压的降低、无量纲来流压力的增大以及无量纲间隙高度的减小均会增强空化效应。其中，无量纲背压由0.758降至0.694可使空化区域的面积、压力降幅与温度降幅分别增加39%、14%和17%；无量纲来流压力由1.048升至1.371可使空化区域的面积、压力降幅和温度降幅分别增加135%、77%和61%；无量纲间隙高度由3.0降至1.8可使空化区域的压力和温度降幅分别提高96%和22%。压降、温降及空化长度随来流空化数的上升而减小。该研究所获得的突扩微间隙空化流动规律可为低温流体自润滑动压轴承的优化设计提供理论依据。

Abstract

To address the issue that structural discontinuities within the micro-clearance of spiral-grooved liquid self-lubricating bearings readily induce cavitation and consequently affect the flow characteristics of the self-lubricating fluid

a visualized experimental system for the cavitating flow of a cryogenic thermosensitive medium in a sudden expansion micro-clearance was established to reveal the influence mechanism of the sudden expansion structure on cryogenic cavitating flow. Through experimental investigations

the effects of back pressure

inlet pressure

and clearance height on the morphological evolution and temperature and pressure characteristics of liquid nitrogen cavitation in the sudden expansion micro-clearance were analyzed. The results indicate that the cavitation effect is enhanced by a decrease in dimensionless back pressure

an increase in dimensionless inlet pressure

and a reduction in dimensionless clearance height. Specifically

when the dimensionless back pressure is reduced from 0.758to 0.694

the cavitation area

pressure drop

and temperature drop in the cavitation area are increased by 39%

14%

and 17%

respectively. When the dimensionless inlet pressure is increased from 1.048to 1.371

the cavitation area

pressure drop

and temperature drop are increased by 135%

77%

and 61%

respectively. Furthermore

when the dimensionless clearance height is decreased from 3.0to 1.8

the pressure drop and temperature drop in the cavitation area are increased by 96% and 22%

respectively. Additionally

the pressure drop

temperature drop

and cavitation length are decreased with an increase in the inlet cavitation number. A theoretical basis for the optimal design of cryogenic fluid self-lubricating hydrodynamic bearings is provided by the cavitating flow laws in the sudden expansion micro-clearance obtained in this study.

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