Laser Dispersion Interferometry Method for the Diagnosis of Corona Plasma Density in Electrical Explosion of Wires

ZHAO Yiming; WU Jian; ZHENG Zhongyang; JIANG Zhiyuan; WANG Wei; WANG Zhenyu

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202608015

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Laser Dispersion Interferometry Method for the Diagnosis of Corona Plasma Density in Electrical Explosion of Wires

更新时间：2026-07-28

- Laser Dispersion Interferometry Method for the Diagnosis of Corona Plasma Density in Electrical Explosion of Wires
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 8, Pages: 170-180(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，710049，西安
  国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，211103，南京
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202608015
  CLC： TM836
- Received：30 January 2026，
  
  Online First：14 April 2026，
  
  Published：10 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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ZHAO Yiming, WU Jian, ZHENG Zhongyang, et al. Laser Dispersion Interferometry Method for the Diagnosis of Corona Plasma Density in Electrical Explosion of Wires[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(8): 170-180.
DOI：

ZHAO Yiming, WU Jian, ZHENG Zhongyang, et al. Laser Dispersion Interferometry Method for the Diagnosis of Corona Plasma Density in Electrical Explosion of Wires[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(8): 170-180. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202608015.

摘要

针对金属丝电爆炸中，晕层等离子体密度结构与时空演化对能量沉积及不稳定性的影响，基于激光色散干涉原理研制了一套具有高灵敏度与连续时间分辨能力的电子密度诊断系统，以实现对低密度晕层等离子体参数的精确连续测量。利用1064 nm与532 nm双波长共轴传播及磷酸钛氧钾晶体倍频技术，实现了无需参考臂的共光路稳定测量。通过对银单丝电爆炸过程的多点诊断，成功获取了径向4、12、15 mm处，晕层等离子体的电子密度随时间的演化数据。研究结果表明：系统的电子线密度测量下限可达10

-2

数量级，测量误差小于5%，相较于传统的马赫-曾德尔干涉法提升了近2个数量级，具备在强电磁干扰环境下，对低密度等离子体的精准诊断能力。随着径向距离从4 mm增加至15 mm，电子密度峰值从8.5×10

-2

下降至0.7×10

-2

；根据探针距离计算得出晕层前沿平均膨胀速度约为82.7 km·s

-1

，并反推得到等离子体有效产生时刻约为34 ns，证实了晕层等离子体的形成先于电压波形的崩塌时刻，在金属丝核心发生剧烈相变前，表面已率先形成低密度的导电通道。该结果为深入理解初期的电流分流机制，及后期不稳定性发展的初始扰动源提供了关键的实验依据，为建立精确的金属丝电爆炸的芯晕结构模型奠定基础。

Abstract

To investigate the influence of corona plasma density structure and spatiotemporal evolution on energy deposition and instability in the electrical explosion of wires

an electron density diagnostic system with high sensitivity and continuous temporal resolution was developed based on the principle of laser dispersion interferometry

to achieve accurate and continuous measurement of low-density corona plasma parameters. By utilizing the coaxial propagation of 1064 nm and 532 nm dual-wavelength lasers and the frequency doubling technique of pota

ssium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal

stable common-path measurement without a reference arm was achieved. Multi-point diagnosis was carried out on the electrical explosion process of single silver wires

and the temporal evolution data of electron density of corona plasma at radial distances of 4 mm

12 mm and 15 mm were acquired. The results show that the lower detection limit of the system for electron line density reaches the order of 10

-2

with a measurement error of less than 5%.Compared with traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometry

the detection performance is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude

enabling accurate diagnosis of low-density plasma in strong electromagnetic interference environments. As the radial distance increased from 4 mm to 15 mm

the peak electron density decreased from 8.5×10

-2

to 0.7×10

-2

.Based on the probe distances

the average expansion velocity of the corona front was calculated to be approximately 82.7 km·s

-1

and the effective generation time of plasma was inversely deduced to be about 34 ns. It was confirmed that the formation of the corona plasma precedes the collapse of the voltage waveform

and that a low-density conductive channel is preferentially formed on the wire surface before the violent phase transition of the wire core. These results provide crucial experimental evidence for an in-depth understanding of the early current shunting mechanism and the initial perturbation source of subsequent instability development

and lay a foundation for an accurate core-corona structure model for electrical explosion of wires.

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