Research on Cavitation State Recognition Method Based on Multi-Parameter Fusion Using PSO-GBDT

WU Siyu; LI Beibei; LIU Xiumei; HAN Rui; XU Shuang; WANG Rui

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Research on Cavitation State Recognition Method Based on Multi-Parameter Fusion Using PSO-GBDT

更新时间：2026-09-30

- Research on Cavitation State Recognition Method Based on Multi-Parameter Fusion Using PSO-GBDT
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国矿业大学机电工程学院，江苏，徐州 221116
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC：
- Received：13 July 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-09-08，
  
  Accepted：14 September 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
WU Siyu, LI Beibei, LIU Xiumei, et al. Research on Cavitation State Recognition Method Based on Multi-Parameter Fusion Using PSO-GBDT[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2026-09-30. http://zkxb.xjtu.edu.cn/en/article/173030479/.
DOI：

WU Siyu, LI Beibei, LIU Xiumei, et al. Research on Cavitation State Recognition Method Based on Multi-Parameter Fusion Using PSO-GBDT[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2026-09-30. http://zkxb.xjtu.edu.cn/en/article/173030479/. DOI：

摘要

煤液化系统中，调节阀在大压差节流工况下易诱发空化，导致通流能力衰减与压力脉动增强，准确识别调节阀的空化状态，对于防范空化引发的通流能力衰减、抑制压力脉动，以及保障煤液化装置的长周期稳定运行具有重要意义。为实现空化状态的高效识别，本文搭建了调节阀空化流动实验平台，并选取开度、进出口压差、进出口压力值、流量、流量系数、偏差比及压力脉动均方根值（RMS）等流体特征作为输入变量，构建基于多参数融合的空化状态识别模型。对比评估随机森林（RF）、梯度提升决策树（GBDT）与极限梯度提升（XGBoost）后发现，GBDT综合性能最优，准确率达90.61%。进一步引入粒子群优化算法（PSO）建立PSO-GBDT 模型，将准确率提升至92.12%，降低了初生空化与临界空化之间的误判，且其性能显著优于任意单一特征的识别准确率。基于重要性评估结果表明，偏差比与进出口压差对分类贡献最大，在剔除开度、进口压力等低贡献度冗余特征后，模型准确率仍维持在91.52%的高水平。研究表明，所构建的多参数融合模型能够实现调节阀空化状态的有效判别，为系统的在线监测提供方法支撑。

Abstract

In coal liquefaction systems

regulating valves are prone to cavitation under large pressure-drop throttling conditions

leading to degraded flow capacity and intensified pressure pulsations

which ultimately undermine the long-term stable operation of the plant. To achieve the efficient identification of cavitation stages

an experimental platform for cavitating flow in a regulating valve was established. Fluid features—including valve opening

pressure drop

inlet and outlet pressures

flow rate

flow coefficient

deviation ratio

and the root-mean-square (RMS) value of pressure pulsations—were selected as input variables to construct a cavitation stage identification model based on multi-parameter fusion. A comparative evaluation of Random Forest (RF)

Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT)

and Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) reveals that GBDT exhibits the best overall performance with an accuracy of 90.61%. Furthermore

the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was introduced to develop a PSO-GBDT model

which improves the accuracy to 92.12% and reduces the misclassification between incipient cavitation and critical cavitation. Moreover

its classification performance significantly outperforms the accuracy of any single-feature model. Feature importance analysis indicates that the deviation ratio and pressure drop contribute the most to the classification. Based on the importance evaluation

after eliminating low-contribution redundant features such as valve opening and inlet/outlet pressures

the model accuracy is still maintained at a high level of 91.52%. The study demonstrates that the proposed multi-parameter fusion model enables the effective identification of cavitation stages in regulating valves

providing methodological support for the online monitoring of the system.

关键词

Keywords

references

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