Generation Method and Winding Distribution Characteristics of Power-Frequency Voltage Superimposed with High-Frequency Voltage in Transformers

XU Limeng; ZHANG Xuanrui; SUN Ce; QIAN Guochao; ZHANG Kai; LI Junhao

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Generation Method and Winding Distribution Characteristics of Power-Frequency Voltage Superimposed with High-Frequency Voltage in Transformers

更新时间：2026-09-29

- Generation Method and Winding Distribution Characteristics of Power-Frequency Voltage Superimposed with High-Frequency Voltage in Transformers
- JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学电气工程学院，710049，西安
  2.云南电网有限责任公司，650011，昆明
  3.山东电力设备有限公司，250000，济南
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TM406
- Received：03 August 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-09-28，
  
  Accepted：29 September 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
XU Limeng, ZHANG Xuanrui, SUN Ce, et al. Generation Method and Winding Distribution Characteristics of Power-Frequency Voltage Superimposed with High-Frequency Voltage in Transformers[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2026-09-29. http://zkxb.xjtu.edu.cn/en/article/172831954/.
DOI：

XU Limeng, ZHANG Xuanrui, SUN Ce, et al. Generation Method and Winding Distribution Characteristics of Power-Frequency Voltage Superimposed with High-Frequency Voltage in Transformers[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY,2026-09-29. http://zkxb.xjtu.edu.cn/en/article/172831954/. DOI：

摘要

针对10～35 kV配电变压器承受工频叠加高频复合电压时，变压器绕组内部电压随频率和高频含量变化规律尚不明确的问题，展开合成电压产生方法及分布特性的研究。基于变压器绕组间电磁耦合关系，构建3种叠加拓扑结构；以电压传递和支路隔离性能为约束，通过1～100 kHz的扫频仿真，优化保护隔离参数并优选试验方案；搭建10 kV变压器试验平台，结合分布参数模型和模态分析，研究频率及高频含量对绕组内部电压分布的影响。研究结果表明：3种叠加拓扑结构均能有效传递工频电压，其中低压耦合叠加拓扑结构在1～20 kHz频带内所需高频电源最大电压仅为23.6 V，显著低于其余2种结构的610 V。同时，低压耦合叠加拓扑结构的工频分量及1～20 kHz频带内的高频分量均沿绕组单调递减，高频频率接近固有模态频率时，电压峰值向内部迁移；频率为60 kHz时，在绕组长度40%处的高频电压达到绕组首端处的3.11倍；高频含量由5%增至20%时，空间电压峰值由78 V增至312 V，但空间分布形态与峰值空间位置基本不变。低压耦合叠加拓扑结构可显著降低高频电源电压等级，并兼顾电压传递与支路隔离，可为配电变压器宽频绝缘试验及运行安全评估提供技术支撑。

Abstract

To clarify how the internal voltage distribution of 10–35 kV distribution transformers varies with frequency and the proportion of the high-frequency component under composite voltages consisting of power-frequency and high-frequency components

this study investigates composite-voltage generation methods and winding voltage distribution characteristics. Three superposition topologies are developed based on electromagnetic coupling between transformer windings. Their protection and isolation parameters are optimized through 1–100 kHz frequency-sweep simulations

considering voltage transfer and branch isolation performance. A 10 kV transformer test platform is then established

and the effects of frequency and the proportion of the high-frequency component on internal winding voltage distribution are analyzed using a distributed-parameter model and modal analysis. Results show that all three topologies effectively transmit the power-frequency component. The low-voltage coupling superposition topology requires a maximum high-frequency source voltage of only 23.6 V within 1–20 kHz

compared with 610 V for the other two topologies. In this topology

both the power-frequency component and the high-frequency component within 1–20 kHz decrease monotonically along the winding. As the frequency of the high-frequency component approaches a natural modal frequency

the voltage peak shifts toward the winding interior. At 60 kHz

the high-frequency voltage at 40% of the winding length reaches 3.11 times that at the winding terminal. When the proportion of the high-frequency component increases from 5% to 20%

the spatial voltage peak increases from 78 V to 312 V

while the distribution pattern and peak location remain nearly unchanged. The proposed topology substantially reduces the required high-frequency source voltage while maintaining effective voltage transfer and branch isolation

providing technical support for wide-frequency insulation testing and operational safety assessment of distribution transformers.

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